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Available open access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. This book offers a comprehensive analysis of why and when member states threaten to withdraw from regional international organizations (RIOs). A unique dataset covers over 120 exit threats across RIOs from all world regions. The book explains variation as a result of limited specific and diffuse support, such as the inability to exert influence or prevail under majority decision-making, as well as a lack of democratic socialization. With nationalism and populism on the rise, this timely study unpacks crucial pressure points in international institutions, offering invaluable insights into how they can maintain stability in the face of internal contestations.
International Organizations (IOs) have been at the forefront of responding to crises in the 21st century, and yet there is little comparative research on how, and how effectively, they have done this. This book fills this gap by exploring what roles IOs take in response to global crises and to what effect. Bringing together a range of international contributors, the book examines a vast array of international and regional organizations, including the International Organization for Migration, World Health Organization, African Union and European Union. Aiming to answer key questions about IO behaviour, the book investigates these IOs’ responses to pressing issues including the global COVID-19 pandemic, the liberal order and security, and the climate crisis.
Norms research in international relations has developed sufficiently over the past thirty-five years to become its own sub-discipline within the field. It has its own corresponding 'toolbox' of concepts, approaches, and methods which have often resulted from debates representing distinct perspectives on how norms matter for IR as a field and for global international relations more generally. Even so, three groups of enduring questions continue to sit at the heart of norms research: first, the processes by which norms emerge, change or disappear, on the one hand, and by which they are contested, violated, diffused, or replaced on the other; second, the agency of actors at sites on the macro-,...
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