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Cyclobutadiene and Related Compounds describes the four-membered carbocyclic compounds that have only trigonally hybridized carbon atoms in the ring. The book discusses the chemistry of cyclobutadiene and the substituted cyclobutadienes, including the preparation of cyclobutadiene-metal complexes that can be done in four ways. These are (1) by reaction of acetylenes with transition metal compounds, (2) from cyclobutenyl metal complexes, (3) by transformation of other cyclobutadiene-metal complexes, and (4) by trapping cyclobutadienes with transitional metal compounds. The text also describes cyclobutadiene dianion, the chemistry of the cyclobutadienequinones, the condensed methylenecyclobute...
This Festschrift, dedicated to Frits W. Vaandrager on the occasion of his 60th birthday, contains papers written by many of his closest collaborators. Frits has been a Professor of Informatics for Technical Applications at Radboud University Nijmegen since 1995, where his research focuses on formal methods, concurrency theory, verification, model checking, and automata learning. The volume contains contributions of colleagues, Ph.D. students, and researchers with whom Frits has collaborated and inspired, reflecting a wide spectrum of scientific interests, and demonstrating successful work at the highest levels of both theory and practice.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Algebraic Methodology and Software Technology, AMAST 2004, held in Stirling, Scotland, UK in July 2004. The 35 revised full papers presented together with abstracts of 5 invited talks and an invited paper were carefully reviewed and selected from 63 submissions. Among the topics covered are all current issues in formal methods related to algebraic approaches to software engineering including abstract data types, process algebras, algebraic specification, model checking, abstraction, refinement, model checking, state machines, rewriting, Kleene algebra, programming logic, etc.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Algebraic Informatics, CAI 2009, held in Thessaloniki, Greece, in May 2009. The 16 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 25 submissions. The papers cover topics such as algebraic semantics on graph and trees, formal power series, syntactic objects, algebraic picture processing, finite and infinite computations, acceptors and transducers for strings, trees, graphs arrays, etc. decision problems, algebraic characterization of logical theories, process algebra, algebraic algorithms, algebraic coding theory, algebraic aspects of cryptography.
This book explores the technological advances and social interactions between interactive spaces, surfaces and devices, aiming to provide new insights into emerging social protocols that arise from the experimentation and long-term usage of interactive surfaces. This edited volume brings together researchers from around the world who investigate interactive surfaces and interaction techniques within large displays, wearable devices, software development, security and emergency management. Providing both theory and practical case studies, the authors look at current developments and challenges into 3D visualization, large surfaces, the interplay of mobile phone devices and large displays, wearable systems and head mounted displays (HMD’S), remote proxemics and interactive wall displays and how these can be employed throughout the home and work spaces. Collaboration Meets Interactive Spaces is both for researchers and industry practitioners, providing readers with a coherent narrative into the current state-of-the-art within interactive surfaces and pervasive display technology, providing necessary tools and techniques as interactive media increasingly permeates everyday contexts.
Innovations in Food Packaging addresses selective topics of functions of food packaging to modify the traditional notion of this process. This book is organized into five parts. Part I focuses on the fundamental theories covering physical chemistry background and quality preservation of foods. Parts II and III discuss active packaging research and development and modified atmosphere packaging of fresh produce, meats, and ready-to-eat products, respectively. Part IV talks about edible and biodegradable coatings and films, whereas Part V discusses commercialization aspects of packaging technologies. Each part is divided into chapters of subject review and detailed technical information. This t...
Cellulose and starch are dry binders for tablets. They are essential for drug formulation and for slow-release to maintain drug concentration in the blood. Unusual excipient uses are described such as protein separation and purification, gene delivery and iron content in human physiology.