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Powertrains for commercial vehicles have evolved since the late nineteenth-century invention of the ICE. In the revised second edition of Advanced Hybrid Powertrains for Commercial Vehicles, the authors explore commercial powertrains through history from the ICE through the introduction of the hybrid powertrain in commercial vehicles. Readers are given an understanding of the ICE as well as the classification of commercial vehicle hybrid powertrains, the variety of energy storage systems, fuel-cell hybrid powertrain systems, and commercial vehicle electrification. The authors review the legislation of vehicle emissions and the regulation necessary to promote the production of fuel-efficient vehicles.
There are various techniques to optimize either structural parameters, or structural controllers, but there are not many techniques that can simultaneously optimize the structural parameters and controller. The advantage of integrating the structural and controller optimization problems is that structure and controller interaction is taken into account in the design process and a more efficient overall design (lower control force/lighter weight) can be achieved, and also multidisciplinary design optimization can be performed. The down side is that the combined optimization problem is more difficult to formulate and solve, and computations are increased. This volume is a comprehensive treatment of dynamic analysis and control techniques in structural dynamic systems and the wide variety of issues and techniques that fall within this broad area, including the interactions between structural control systems and structural system parameters.
Plant phenotyping (PP) describes the physiological and biochemical properties of plants affected by both genotypes and environments. It is an emerging research field that is assisting the breeding and cultivation of new crop varieties to be more productive and resilient to challenging environments. Precision agriculture (PA) uses sensing technologies to observe crops and then manage them optimally to ensure that they grow in healthy conditions, have maximum productivity, and have minimal negative effects on the environment. Traditionally, the observation of plant traits heavily relies on human experts which is labor intensive, time-consuming, and subjective. Automatic crop traits measurement...
Powertrains for commercial vehicles have evolved since the late nineteenth-century invention of the ICE. In the revised second edition of Advanced Hybrid Powertrains for Commercial Vehicles, the authors explore commercial powertrains through history from the ICE through the introduction of the hybrid powertrain in commercial vehicles. Readers are given an understanding of the ICE as well as the classification of commercial vehicle hybrid powertrains, the variety of energy storage systems, fuel-cell hybrid powertrain systems, and commercial vehicle electrification. The authors review the legislation of vehicle emissions and the regulation necessary to promote the production of fuel-efficient vehicles.