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The twentieth century was one of astonishing change in science, especially as pursued in the United States. Against a backdrop of dramatic political and economic shifts brought by world wars, intermittent depressions, sporadic and occasionally massive increases in funding, and expanding private patronage, this scientific work fundamentally reshaped everyday life. Science and the American Century offers some of the most significant contributions to the study of the history of science, technology, and medicine during the twentieth century, all drawn from the pages of the journal Isis. Fourteen essays from leading scholars are grouped into three sections, each presented in roughly chronological...
Discusses career at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.
The World Year of Physics 2005 honors the achievements in physics research of Albert Einstein, the worldwide known sad— eyed genius. In 1905 Albert Einstein had completed his doctoral thesis and published 4 physics papers, including his “Special Relativity paper.” The world of physics, and the world, in general, has been since changed forever. As the human race is stepping into the 3rd Millennium of the Common Era, the influence of Albert Einstein is ever stronger—the works of Einstein still play the major role in the further development of physics, and science and technology.
The idea of colliding two particle beams to fully exploit the energy of accelerated particles was first proposed by Rolf Wideröe, who in 1943 applied for a patent on the collider concept and was awarded the patent in 1953. The first three colliders — AdA in Italy, CBX in the US, and VEP-1 in the then Soviet Union — came to operation about 50 years ago in the mid-1960s. A number of other colliders followed.Over the past decades, colliders defined the energy frontier in particle physics. Different types of colliers — proton-proton, proton-antiproton, electron-positron, electron-proton, electron-ion and ion-ion colliders — have played complementary roles in fully mapping out the constituents and forces in the Standard Model (SM). We are now at a point where all predicted SM constituents of matter and forces have been found, and all the latest ones were found at colliders. Colliders also play a critical role in advancing beam physics, accelerator research and technology development. It is timely that RAST Volume 7 is dedicated to Colliders.
Hermann Henrich Steffen was born in 1801 in Kalldorf, Lippe-Detmold, Germany. He married Marie-Elisabeth Schwarze in 1827. They had eight children. Hermann died in 1846. Marie-Elisabeth and the children emigrated in 1856 and settled in Freeport, Stephenson County, Illinois. Descendants and relatives lived in Illinois, Iowa, North Dakota and elsewhere.