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From the saviour of the realm to the subject of multiple attempted assassinations in the space of six years. King Henry IV's reign was characterised by his fear and paranoia, but above all a continued quest for survival. The son of John the Gaunt, Henry was seen as a confident, well-educated, generous, and spiritually fervent young man. And, in 1399, having ousted the insecure tyrannical Richard II, he was enthusiastically greeted as the new King of England. However, therein lay Henry's weakness. Upon assuming the crown, he found himself surrounded by men who would only support him as long as they could control him. When they failed, they plotted to kill him. Long characterised as a treacher...
Richard II (1377-99) has long suffered from an unusually unmanly reputation. Over the centuries, he has been habitually associated with lavish courtly expenditure, absolutist ideas, Francophile tendencies, and a love of peace, all of which have been linked to the king's physical effeminacy. Even sympathetic accounts have essentially retained this picture, merely dismissing particular facets of it, or representing Richard's reputation as evidence of praiseworthy dissent from accepted norms of masculinity. Christopher Fletcher takes a radically different approach, setting the politics of Richard II's reign firmly in the context of late medieval assumptions about the nature of manhood and youth...
1 Henry of Lancaster and the English Expedition to Aquitaine, 1345-46 -- 2 English and Welsh Soldiers: Troop Types in Lancaster's Army -- 3 Raising an Army: Recruitment and Composition -- 4 Paying an Army: Financial Administration -- 5 The Twin Victories: The First Campaign, 1345 -- 6 Siege and Conquest by Sword: The Second Campaign, 1346 -- 7 Lancaster's War Retinue in 1345: Formation and Structure -- 8 Lancaster's War Retinue in 1345: Cohesion and Stability -- 9 An Era of Military Professionalism: Careers and Patterns of Service
While much attention has been paid to the commemoration of conflict in the twentieth century, this book is the first to consider conflict memory in the long term, arguing that modern practices were not created out of the mud of the trenches, but evolved from much longer practices. From the fourteenth century to the present day, this work analyses the changing commemoration and memories of British battlefields at home and overseas, from Bannockburn (1314) to Bosworth (1485) to Basra (2003-9). Across these seven centuries, there has been a series of recurring post-battle rituals that have shaped and continue to shape memories of conflict. Three distinct but overlapping periods of memory can be...
This handbook has two purposes: it is intended (1) as a handbook of Etruscology or Etruscan Studies, offering a state-of-the-art and comprehensive overview of the history of the discipline and its development, and (2) it serves as an authoritative reference work representing the current state of knowledge on Etruscan civilization. The organization of the volume reflects this dual purpose. The first part of the volume is dedicated to methodology and leading themes in current research, organized thematically, whereas the second part offers a diachronic account of Etruscan history, culture, religion, art & archaeology, and social and political relations and structures, as well as a systematic treatment of the topography of the Etruscan civilization and sphere of influence.
As a traditional site of historicist practice, medieval studies is particularly well-placed to benefit from the recent reemergence of historicism in literary studies. But this new "critical historicism" is different in both method and interests from past forms of historicist work. The differences are well illustrated by this collection. The concern with politics, the reliance on the materials of economic and social history, the conception of writing as a form of social practice, the focus upon the forces of change in medieval culture, the unwillingness to observe the usual distinction between literary and historical texts, and the historicization of their own practice--these characteristics make the publication of these essays a significant event for medieval studies.
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