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Presidents, Governors, and the Politics of Distribution in Federal Democracies
Tensions between central authorities and subnational units over centralization and fiscal autonomy are on top of the political agenda in many developing federal countries. This book examines historical changes in the balance between the resources that presidents and governors control and the policy responsibilities they have to deliver. It focuses on Argentina and Brazil, the most decentralized federal countries in Latin America, with the most powerful sub-national governments in the region. Using formal modelling, statistical tools, and comparative historical analyses, it examines substantive shifts in the allocation of resources and the distribution of administrative functions and explains under which conditions these changes occur. In doing so, it presents theoretical and comparative implications for the study of fiscal federalism and the functioning of developing federal democracies. This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of federalism, intergovernmental relations, decentralization, and sub-national politics and more broadly to those studying comparative politics, democratization, political elites, public policy and economics.
Adiós Niño
In Adiós Niño: The Gangs of Guatemala City and the Politics of Death, Deborah T. Levenson examines transformations in the Guatemalan gangs called Maras from their emergence in the 1980s to the early 2000s. A historical study, Adiós Niño describes how fragile spaces of friendship and exploration turned into rigid and violent ones in which youth, and especially young men, came to employ death as a natural way of living for the short period that they expected to survive. Levenson relates the stark changes in the Maras to global, national, and urban deterioration; transregional gangs that intersect with the drug trade; and the Guatemalan military's obliteration of radical popular movements a...
Toleration and Tolerance in Medieval European Literature
Toleration and Tolerance in Medieval European Literature aims to examine and unearth the critical investigations of toleration and tolerance presented in literary texts of the Middle Ages. In contrast to previous approaches, this volume identifies new methods of interpreting conventional classifications of toleration and tolerance through the emergence of multi-level voices in literary, religious, and philosophical discourses of authorities in medieval literature. Accordingly, this volume identifies two separate definitions of toleration and tolerance, the former as a representative of a majority group accepts a member of the minority group but still holds firmly to the believe that s/he is right and the other entirely wrong, and tolerance meaning that all faiths, convictions, and ideologies are treated equally, and the majority speaker is ready to accept that potentially his/her position is wrong. Applying these distinct differences in the critical investigation of interaction and representation in context, this book offers new insight into the tolerant attitudes portrayed in medieval literature of which regularly appealed, influenced and shaped popular opinions of the period.
National Union Catalog
Includes entries for maps and atlases.
Moon Chile
Positioned between the Pacific and the Andes, Chile offers rich history in its Northern region, a blend of entertainment, culture, and skiing in the boroughs of Santiago, remote corners in the Atacama Desert, a glorious wine-country in its Heartland and the ultra-private Easter Island. Moon Chile provides you with all of the essential details needed to discover these can't-miss sites, the world's most isolated island, and more. South American resident and Chilean consummate, author Wayne Bernahardson gives you all of the appropriate information to help make your adventure in Chile truly unique. Wayne's insightful and fun travel suggestions include the Best of Chile, 10 Days Skiing in the Andes, Exploring Wine Country, and Exploring Chilean highlights. Whether you are eager to experience fly fishing at Sur Chico, partake of the Patagonian mystique or follow the paths of Chilean poet Pablo Neruda, Moon Chile is your resourceful guide. With expert writers, first-rate strategic advice, and an essential dose of humor, Moon ensures that travelers have an uncommon and entirely satisfying experience — and a few new stories to tell.
Cusanus Today
At the end of the nineteenth century, German theologians and philosophers rediscovered the Renaissance cardinal Nicholas of Cusa (1401-1464). Immediately they hailed Cusanus as the first modern thinker, a brilliant German rival to the French Descartes. But since the founding of the Cusanus critical edition in 1927 up to its conclusion in 2005, historians have gradually learned that Nicholas was more of a medieval preacher and contemplative than a modern philosopher. Yet over the same century, modern German and French readers were already digging into Nicholas's many works. There they encountered an exciting voice with fresh perspectives about God's immanence in the cosmos and the awesome cap...
CERN Courier
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Economic Geography
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South American Handbook, 1996
This compact handbook gives the most complete and up-to-date information on how to get to locations in South America, when to go, what to see, and how to make the trip a success. 50 color photos and maps.
