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Previous generations enjoyed the security of lifelong employment with a sole employer. Public policy and social institutions reinforced that security by producing a labor force content with mechanized repetition in manufacturing plants, and creating loyalty to one employer for life. This is no longer the case. Globalization and new technologies have triggered a shift away from capital and towards knowledge. In today's global economy, where jobs and factories can be moved quickly to low-cost locations, the competitive advantage has shifted to ideas, insights, and innovation. But it is not enough just to have new ideas. It takes entrepreneurs to actualize them by championing them to society. E...
This book celebrates the contributions of David B. Audretsch, Distinguished Professor at the School of Public and Environment Affairs (SPEA) at Indiana University (USA), co-founder and co-editor of Small Business Economics, and former Director of the Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy Group at the erstwhile Max Planck Institute of Economics (Jena, Germany). For his pioneering work, which explores the links between entrepreneurship, government policy, innovation, economic development, and global competitiveness, he has received the 2001 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research from the Swedish Foundation for Small Business Research and the 2011 Schumpeter Prize from the University of Wuppertal (Germany). This volume features original contributions from over 50 leading scholars to map, analyze and evaluate the impact of Audretsch’s research on a broad spectrum of research fields, ranging from economics to entrepreneurship and geography. The development and evolution of key ideas which have significantly shaped theory and future research across these fields are also explored.
Every city, region, and state wants to improve. However, while the field of strategic management exists in business schools to guide firms and organizations, no such analogous field exists for places. Everything in Its Place weaves together theories, empirical evidence, and case studies from a broad spectrum of scholarly disciplines and combines them with insights and experiences garnered from practitioners and policy makers to provide a systematic framework for guiding and informing the strategic management of places.
I highly recommend this volume for all scholars interested in challenging conventional wisdom about how a capitalist economy works, and willing to call into question assumptions that narrow our interpretation, preventing more socially beneficial practices from being implemented. International Sociology Davis and Dolfsma have edited a volume of 36 essays that provides a first-rate introduction to the recent cutting-edge scholarship in social economics. . . the volume provides an impressive and broad array of articles covering traditional social economic topics. . . Each essay is an excellent point of entry into social economic thought. This volume will be of great interest to economists writi...
early economic thinkers and classic works such as Cantillon (1755), Knight (1921), and Kirzner (1973). The paper opens by explaining how uncertainty and thus entrepreneurship disappeared from microeconomic theory as it became increasingly formalized (and stylized). It then goes on to bring the entrepreneur and entrepreneurial decision-making back into economic theory by focusing on the interrelationships among actors, knowledge, and perceived economic opportunities using a resource-based framework. The third paper in this section (Chapter 4) is by Foss and Klein, "Entrepreneurship and the Economic Theory of the Firm: Any Gains from Trade?" Foss and Klein strongly link theories of the firm to...
The role that small firms and entrepreneurship play in economic development has been particularly contentious. Joseph Schumpeter (1911), in his early work, argued that through a process of "creative destruction," small and new firms would serve as agents of change and a catalyst for innovation and growth. But, he later rescinded this view, instead concluding that large corporations were the engines of growth. Just as it seemed that a consensus had emerged among scholars and policy makers that small business was at best superfluous and at worst a drag on growth and economic development, David Birch provided evidence that, in fact, small firms were the engines of job creation. The early skepticism of challenge to Birch's findings revolved around methodology and measurement. However, a wave of subsequent studies by different authors, spanning different time periods, sectors, and even countries, generally confirmed Birch's original findings-for most developed countries and in most time periods, small business has provided most of the job creation.
Provides a systematic overview, analysis, framework, research agenda, and strategic directions for the study of public sector innovation. The authors discuss: how public organizations and public sector employees can innovate, barriers and impediments, governments' role for innovation, sources of innovation, types of innovation, ethics.
This collection of papers describes advances in the measurement of innovation output, principally through the use of a new technique based on scanning of trade and technical journals. Experience in several countries is assessed and the strength and weaknesses of the technique discussed. The conclusion is that, taken together with recent advances in the design of questionnaires for postal surveys of innovation, this technique provides a radically improved data source for testing innovation theories and for effective policy analysis.
This book was originally published in 1999. At this time, the US economy had recently restructured itself, moving away from an industrial economy towards one based on information, while the European Union and Japan were left to worry about rising government deficits, inflexible businesses, persistent unemployment, and workers inadequately trained for the information age. Why did the US economy move beyond its chief competitors? This collection suggests that at least some of the answers to the pattern of divergent development can be found in the role of the entrepreneur. By examining the process that entrepreneurs play in the economy, the essays in this volume make a fundamental contribution to our understanding of the macroeconomy. Each chapter clarifies the role of entrepreneur in economic theory, the function of small and medium-size enterprises that they found and build and the impact of the innovations introduced on employment, productivity, and economic growth.