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Nitrogen is arguably the most important nutrient required by plants. However, the availability of nitrogen is limited in many soils and although the earth's atmosphere consists of 78.1% nitrogen gas (N2) plants are unable to use this form of nitrogen. To compensate , modern agriculture has been highly reliant on industrial nitrogen fertilizers to achieve maximum crop productivity. However, a great deal of fossil fuel is required for the production and delivery of nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover carbon dioxide (CO2) which is released during fossil fuel combustion contributes to the greenhouse effect and run off of nitrate leads to eutrophication of the waterways. Biological nitrogen fixation is...
The focus of this book is on the key water-related vulnerabilities to climate change in Africa, particularly in its most vulnerable areas, exploring potential management responses to such vulnerabilities. The African countries are particularly exposed and vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change, with important impacts on water resources and hydrological systems, water availability, water resource management and sea level variations. Already, under various anthropogenic pressures, the status of water resources in Africa has been changing over the past decades, with decreasing water quality, falling groundwater levels, and variability in rainfall, both in terms of timing and inten...
Ecology of the root-nodule bacteria; Colonization of the Rhizosphere by root nodule bacteria; Infection of legumes by Rhizobium; Principles of inoculant strain selection, inoculant production and quality control; Survival of root-nodule bacteria on inoculated seed; Nitrogen-fixing symbioses with Australian native legumes; Constraints to biological nitrogen fixation in ley-farming systems designed; Bradyrhizobium of the non-legumes Parasponia; Legume root nodules: nitrogen fixation in agriculture in relation to their structure; Oxygen diffusion: critical factor in legume nodule functioning; MOlecular basis of symbiotic nitrogen fixation; Genetics in symbiotic nitrogen fixation of legumes; Hos...