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Chondrites are the largest group of meteorites. They can provide unique insights into the origins and early evolution of our Solar System, and even into the relationships between our Solar System and other stars in the vicinity of our Sun. The largest structural components of most chondrites are the glass-bearing chondrules, and there are numerous theories for their origin. This clear and systematic text summarizes the ideas surrounding the origin and history of chondrules and chondrites, drawing on research from the various scientific disciplines involved. With citations to a large number of published papers on the topic, it forms a comprehensive bibliography of the key research areas, and extensive illustrations provide a clear visual representation of the scientific theories. This text will be a valuable reference for graduate students and researchers in planetary science, geology, and astronomy.
Readers will find grouped together here the most recent observations, current theoretical models and present understanding of the coupled atmosphere, magnetosphere and solar wind system. The book begins with a general discussion of mass, energy and momentum transport in magnetodiscs. The physics of partially ionized plasmas of the giant planet magnetodiscs is of general interest throughout the field of space physics, heliophysics and astrophysical plasmas; therefore, understanding the basic physical processes associated with magnetodiscs has universal applications. The second chapter characterizes the solar wind interaction and auroral responses to solar wind driven dynamics. The third chapter describes the role of magnetic reconnection and the effects on plasma transport. Finally, the last chapter characterizes the spectral and spatial properties of auroral emissions, distinguishing between solar wind drivers and internal driving mechanisms. The in-depth reviews provide an excellent reference for future research in this discipline.
Cosmic magnetic fields play a key role in the formation, structure and evolution of planets, stars and galaxies, and possibly the Universe as a whole. Magnetic fields of celestial bodies have been studied for a century, since the discovery of the first extraterrestrial magnetic field by George Ellery Hale in 1908, but their origin and evolution remain open questions for fundamental physics and astrophysics. IAU Symposium 259 presents the first interdisciplinary and yet comprehensive review of the role of magnetic fields on all scales that involved astronomers and physicists from across the community. It gives a balanced account of both theoretical and observational aspects of topics ranging from Earth's habitability to the origin of the universe. This volume gives a forefront research account on the current state of the art.
As a star in the universe, the Sun is constantly releas- cover a wide range of time and spatial scales, making ?? ing energy into space, as much as ?. ? ?? erg/s. Tis observations in the solar-terrestrial environment c- energy emission basically consists of three modes. Te plicated and the understanding of processes di?cult. ?rst mode of solar energy is the so-called blackbody ra- In the early days, the phenomena in each plasma diation, commonly known as sunlight, and the second region were studied separately, but with the progress mode of solar electromagnetic emission, such as X rays of research, we realized the importance of treating and UV radiation, is mostly absorbed above the Earth’...
Interviews with 37 women scientists and students in which they share what helped them enter the sciences, what they found there, and what helped them stay in areas which are often hostile to women. Twenty short papers from women scientists, educators, and philosophers give advice on broad philosophical questions, education, professional matters, and gender issues.
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