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A classical metastable state possesses a local free energy minimum at infinite sizes, but not a global one. This concept is phase size independent. We have studied a number of experimental results and proposed a new concept that there exists a wide range of metastable states in polymers on different length scales where their metastability is critically determined by the phase size and dimensionality. Metastable states are also observed in phase transformations that are kinetically impeded on the pathway to thermodynamic equilibrium. This was illustrated in structural and morphological investigations of crystallization and mesophase transitions, liquid-liquid phase separation, vitrification a...
This collection of 32 major review papers provides a complete understanding of the physics of piezoelectricity. With a thorough overview of applications and a major section exploring measurements and standards, this volume gives a systematic derivation of piezoelectric coefficients and equations of state for coupling mechanical, electrical, and thermal fields. A useful graduate text for design engineers, materials scientists, chemists, metallurgists, and condensed matter physicists.