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Examination of the Nitrosative Stress Response in Histoplasma Capsulatum
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic pathogenic fungus. In the soil, H. capsulatum grows in a mycelial form. When soil containing H. capsulatum is disturbed, mycelial fragments or conidia (vegetative-spores) become aerosolized. Once inhaled by a mammalian host, mycelial fragments and/or conidia convert into a yeast-like form. H. capsulatum yeast escape innate immune defenses and colonize host macrophages during infection. After the onset of adaptive immunity, activated macrophages produce the antimicrobial effector nitric oxide ( * NO) to restrict H. capsulatum replication. However, despite exposure to reactive nitrogen species (RNS), H. capsulatum is able to establish persistent infections...
