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The past forty years of space research have seen a substantial improvement in our understanding of the Earth’s magnetosphere and its coupling with the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic ?eld (IMF). The magnetospheric str- ture has been mapped and major processes determining this structure have been de?ned. However, the picture obtained is too often static. We know how the magnetosphere forms via the interaction of the solar wind and IMF with the Earth’s magnetic ?eld. We can describe the steady state for various upstream conditions but do not really understand the dynamic processes leading from one state to another. The main dif?culty is that the magnetosphere is a comp- cated system...
These proceedings are based on the invited talks and selected research reports presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on "POLAR CAP BOUNDARY PHENOMENA" held at Longyearbyen, Svalbard, June 4 - 13, 1997. The role of the polar cap and its boundary is very substantial in solar-terrestrial physics. At this NATO AS! a major change in thinking on the "cusp" precipitation region in the high-latitude days ide upper atmosphere was reflected, at least for intervals when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is directed southward. It is likely that this has implications for northward IMF as well. The change comes from the now almost complete acceptance of the concept of magnetosheath particle entry along open magnetic field lines and the evolution of the precipitation into the upper atmosphere with time elapsed since magnetic reconnection which opened the field line. A key prediction of this view is that the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) is on open field lines.
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Accompanying CD-ROM contains videos of some of the talks given at the first biennial workshop on space physics, held at Yosemite in 1974. -- p. vii-viii.
This volume presents new multidisciplinary perspectives on Europe's largest active volcano. Studies in; geology and eruptive history, petrology and gas geochemistry, seismology, gravity and electromagnetism, ground deformation, and lava flow simulation and mitigation.
Papers from the August 1994 workshop discuss the current understanding of the trapped particle environment, plasma physical processes in space, and future research directions. Highlights include results from recent spacecraft missions and reports on the latest theoretical and empirical models. Secti