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In Riemannian geometry, measurements are made with both yardsticks and protractors. These tools are represented by a family of inner-products. In Riemann-Finsler geometry (or Finsler geometry for short), one is in principle equipped with only a family of Minkowski norms. So ardsticks are assigned but protractors are not. With such a limited tool kit, it is natural to wonder just how much geometry one can uncover and describe? It now appears that there is a reasonable answer. Finsler geometry encompasses a solid repertoire of rigidity and comparison theorems, most of them founded upon a fruitful analogue of the sectional curvature. There is also a bewildering array of explicit examples, illustrating many phenomena which admit only Finslerian interpretations. This book focuses on the elementary but essential items among these results. Much thought has gone into making the account a teachable one.
This volume features proceedings from the 1995 Joint Summer Research Conference on Finsler Geometry (Seattle, WA), chaired by S.S. Chern and co-chaired by D. Bao and Z. Shen. The editors of this volume have provided comprehensive and informative 'capsules' of presentations and technical reports. This was facilitated by classifying the papers into the following 6 separate sections - 3 of which are applied and 3 are pure: Finsler Geometry over the reals Complex Finsler geometry Generalized Finsler metrics Applications to biology, engineering, and physics Applications to control theory Applications to relativistic field theory Each section contains a preface that provides a coherent overview of the topic and includes an outline of the current directions of research and new perspectives. A short list of open problems concludes each contributed paper. A number of photos are featured in the volume, for example, that of Finsler. In addition, conference participants are also highlighted.
Develops the theory of jet single-time Lagrange geometry and presents modern-day applications Jet Single-Time Lagrange Geometry and Its Applications guides readers through the advantages of jet single-time Lagrange geometry for geometrical modeling. With comprehensive chapters that outline topics ranging in complexity from basic to advanced, the book explores current and emerging applications across a broad range of fields, including mathematics, theoretical and atmospheric physics, economics, and theoretical biology. The authors begin by presenting basic theoretical concepts that serve as the foundation for understanding how and why the discussed theory works. Subusequent chapters compare t...
This book is the first to present an overview of higher-order Hamilton geometry with applications to higher-order Hamiltonian mechanics. It is a direct continuation of the book The Geometry of Hamilton and Lagrange Spaces, (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001). It contains the general theory of higher order Hamilton spaces H(k)n, k>=1, semisprays, the canonical nonlinear connection, the N-linear metrical connection and their structure equations, and the Riemannian almost contact metrical model of these spaces. In addition, the volume also describes new developments such as variational principles for higher order Hamiltonians; Hamilton-Jacobi equations; higher order energies and law of conservation; Noether symmetries; Hamilton subspaces of order k and their fundamental equations. The duality, via Legendre transformation, between Hamilton spaces of order k and Lagrange spaces of the same order is pointed out. Also, the geometry of Cartan spaces of order k =1 is investigated in detail. This theory is useful in the construction of geometrical models in theoretical physics, mechanics, dynamical systems, optimal control, biology, economy etc.
This is the first Supplementary volume to Kluwer's highly acclaimed Encyclopaedia of Mathematics. This additional volume contains nearly 600 new entries written by experts and covers developments and topics not included in the already published 10-volume set. These entries have been arranged alphabetically throughout. A detailed index is included in the book. This Supplementary volume enhances the existing 10-volume set. Together, these eleven volumes represent the most authoritative, comprehensive up-to-date Encyclopaedia of Mathematics available.
In this book we study sprays and Finsler metrics. Roughly speaking, a spray on a manifold consists of compatible systems of second-order ordinary differential equations. A Finsler metric on a manifold is a family of norms in tangent spaces, which vary smoothly with the base point. Every Finsler metric determines a spray by its systems of geodesic equations. Thus, Finsler spaces can be viewed as special spray spaces. On the other hand, every Finsler metric defines a distance function by the length of minimial curves. Thus Finsler spaces can be viewed as regular metric spaces. Riemannian spaces are special regular metric spaces. In 1854, B. Riemann introduced the Riemann curvature for Riemanni...
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