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This book is an analysis and exploration of the relationship between peasants and policies within the process of reform in China. After examining the long term rural policies, either before or after the reform, it was found that all these polices have been expected to promote peasants’ interests and claimed to take enhancing peasants’ happiness as their goal. Nonetheless, the history and current reality of rural development have demonstrated that the same policy starting point had lead to very different policy designs. Even today, quite a few institutional arrangements with good intentions have ended up with opposite results and have even become bad policies that do harm to people. This book argues that the reason for such serious deviation, between political intentions and institutional arrangements, as well as between policy goals and its results is: as a political force, the peasantry itself has not effectively engaged with the political process of the country.
This book offers a collection of high-quality, peer-reviewed research papers presented at the International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Communication and Devices (ICCD 2017), discussing all dimensions of intelligent sciences – intelligent computing, intelligent communication, and intelligent devices. Intelligent computing addresses areas such as intelligent and distributed computing, intelligent grid and cloud computing, internet of things, soft computing and engineering applications, data mining and knowledge discovery, semantic and web technology, hybrid systems, agent computing, bioinformatics, and recommendation systems. Intelligent communication is concerned with communicatio...
This book covers the developments of perovskite solar cells, materials and properties for perovskite solar cells, charge transport and separation in perovskite solar cells, regular p-i-n and inverted n-i-p perovskite solar cells, hybrid perovskite solar cells, and the reliability issues in perovskite solar cells. It also highlights the factors influencing the photovoltaic (PV) performance of perovskite solar cells such as solar cell architectures, photo-electrode materials, operational and thermal stability challenges, and so forth. • Covers fabrication methods of perovskite solar cells • Discusses carrier transport and carrier separation in perovskite solar cells • Explores the stability and efficiency of solar cells • Reviews challenges in flexible solar cells • Examines career transport and career separation of perovskite solar cells This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in solar cells, renewable energy, photovoltaic technologies, and electrical and electronics engineering.
Updated ed. of: Directory of Chinese officials and organizations, 1968-1978. Rev. 1978.
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