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Atrocity. Genocide. War crime. Crime Against Humanity. Such atrocity labels have been popularized among international lawmakers but with little insight offered into how and when these terms are applied and to what effect. What constitutes an event to be termed a genocide or war crime and what role does this play in the application of legal proceedings? Markus P. Beham, through an interdisciplinary and comparative approach, unpicks these terms to uncover their historical genesis and their implications for international criminal law initiatives concerned with atrocity. The book uniquely compares four specific case studies: Belgian colonial exploitation of the Congo, atrocities committed against the Herero and Nama in German South-West Africa, the Armenian genocide and the man-made Ukrainian famine of the 1930s. Encompassing international law, legal history, and discourse analysis, the concept of 'atrocity labelling' is used to capture the meaning underlying the work of international lawyers and prosecutors, historians and sociologists, agenda setters and policy makers.
In the nineteenth century, European states conquered vast stretches of territory across the periphery of the international system. Much of Asia and Africa fell to the armies of the European great powers, and by World War I, those armies controlled 40 percent of the world's territory and 30 percent of its population. Conventional wisdom states that these conquests were the product of European military dominance or technological superiority, but the reality was far more complex. In Networks of Domination, Paul MacDonald argues that an ability to exploit the internal political situation within a targeted territory, not mere military might, was a crucial element of conquest. European states enjo...
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This book examines the causes, course and consequences of warfare in twentieth century Africa, a period which spanned colonial rebellions, both World Wars, and the decolonization process. Timothy Stapleton contextualizes the essential debates and controversies surrounding African conflict in the twentieth century while providing insightful introductions to such conflicts as: African rebellions against colonial regimes in the early twentieth century, including the rebellion and infamous genocide of the Herero and Nama people in present-day Namibia; The African fronts of World War I and World War II, and the involvement of colonized African peoples in these global conflicts; Conflict surroundi...
"New Directions in African Military History takes a thematic approach to the history of war and military structures in Africa and highlights the under-researched areas. African Military History represents a relatively new and fast-growing sub-field bridging the previously wide gap between the well-established genres of African History and Military History. Based on a synthesis of existing literature and aimed at a wide readership, this book adopts a broad temporal range and uses select examples to highlight a series of points to cover the pre-colonial to post-colonial eras and offering examples from various parts of the continent. This volume evaluates controversial academic debates examining evidence, research methods, approaches and changing historiographical contexts as well as pointing to potential new areas of research. It comprises seven thematic chapters on ways of war, weapons technology, navies, air power, battles, women combatants and genocide in African history. This volume will be of value to students and scholars alike interested in Modern History, Military History and African History"--
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