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Fatty Acid Synthase
Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a key lipogenic enzyme catalyzing the terminal steps in the synthesis of fatty acids. In the majority of normal tissues, FAS expression is low. In many human cancers, however, including cancer of the prostate, FAS expression and FAS activity are very high. As shown in the laboratory, overexpression of FAS in tumor cells is part of a more general and coordinate upregulation of multiple lipogenic genes caused, at least in part, by activation of sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs), transcription factors that play a key role in cellular lipid homeostasis. The mechanisms underlying the activation of the SREBP pathway and the increase in lipogenesis in ...
Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film, and Dry Eye Syndromes 2
During the past two decades, a significant international research effort has been di rected toward understanding the composition and regulation of the preocular tear film. This effort has been motivated by the recognition that the tear film plays an essential role in maintaining corneal and conjunctival integrity, protecting against microbial challenge, and preserving visual acuity. In addition, research has been stimulated by the knowledge that alteration or deficiency of the tear film, which occurs in countless individuals throughout the world, may lead to desiccation of the ocular surface, ulceration and perfo ration of the cornea, an increased incidence of infectious disease, and, potent...
Increased Lipogenesis in Human Tumors
This is a Ph.D. dissertation. The present thesis forms an integral part of the efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms and the biological and clinical significance of increased lipogenesis in tumor cells. In part I, it is explored whether the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway, a signal transduction cascade which is frequently dysregulated and constitutively activated in cancer cells, may contribute to increased lipogenesis. In part II, the authors have tried to gain more insight into the functional significance of tumor-associated lipogenesis by unraveling the nature and fate of newly synthesized lipids in cancer cells. To put these studies in a proper perspective, the authors will provide a more detailed overview of the present understanding of the mechanisms, the role and the clinical significance of increased lipogenesis in human cancer.
Mitochondria and Cancer
Nearly a century of scientific research has revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the most common and consistent phenotypes of cancer cells. A number of notable differences in the mitochondria of normal and cancer cells have been described. These include differences in mitochondrial metabolic activity, molecular composition of mitochondria and mtDNA sequence, as well as in alteration of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial proteins. This book, Mitochondria and Cancer, edited by Keshav K. Singh and Leslie C. Costello, presents thorough analyses of mitochondrial dysfunction as one of the hallmarks of cancer, discusses the clinical implications of mitochondrial defects in cancer, and as unique cellular targets for novel and selective anti-cancer therapy.
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