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Hard Diplomacy and Soft Coercion
During the Cold War, Soviet influence and Leninist ideology were inseparable. But the collapse of both systems threw Russian influence into limbo. In this book, James Sherr draws on his in-depth study of the country over many years to explain and analyse the factors that have brought Russian influence back into play. Today, Tsarist, Soviet and contemporary approaches combine in creative and discordant ways. The result is a policy based on a mixture of strategy, improvisation and habit. The novelty of this policy and its apparent successes pose possible dangers for Russia's neighbours, the West and Russia itself.
The Politics of Power
This book sheds new light on the complex EU-Russia relationship, by providing the first comprehensive account of the EU-Russia Energy Dialogue. The author examines why Moscow and Brussels have failed to cooperate in this crucial area of interdependence. By invoking constructivism and Mikhail Bakhtin’s concept of dialogue, and drawing on dozens of interviews with Russian and European officials, Talseth argues that the Energy Dialogue was unsuccessful because its interlocutors failed to come up with a common narrative for cooperation. Evidence suggests that the collapse of the Energy Dialogue was not pre-determined and initially there was a great deal of optimism and goodwill. Ultimately, the outcome of the Energy Dialogue was shaped by the unfolding time-space of Russo-European relations.
Russia's Hostile Measures
This report examines current Russian hostile measures in Europe and forecasts how Russia might threaten Europe using these measures over the next few years. This report observes that Russia has the most strategic interest in influencing western Europe, but it has the most leverage over countries of eastern Europe, and offers a range of recommendations for the U.S. government and for the U.S. Army on countering hostile measures.
COLONIALISM
Colonialism in the modern sense begun with the “age of discovery” led by the Portuguese who became increasingly expansionist following the conquest of Ceuta in 1415 aiming to control navigation through the strait of Gibraltar, spread Christianity, amass wealth and plunder and suppress predation on Portuguese populations by Barbary pirates as part of a longstanding African slave trade at that point a minor trade, one the Portuguese would soon reverse and surpass. The phenomenon of colonization is one that stretches around the globe and across time. Ancient and medical colonialism was practiced by various civilizations such as the Phoenicians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Han Chi...
Reducing Tensions Between Russia and NATO
“[Vladimir] Putin’s aggression makes the possibility of a war in Europe between nuclear-armed adversaries frighteningly real,” writes Kimberly Marten in a new Council Special Report on tensions between Russia and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). She outlines how U.S. policymakers can deter Russian aggression with robust support for NATO, while reassuring Russia of NATO’s defensive intentions through clear words and actions based in international law.
Parameters
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What Deters and Why
The challenge of deterring territorial aggression is taking on renewed importance, yet discussion of it has lagged in U.S. military and strategy circles. The authors aim to provide a fresh look, with two primary purposes: to review established concepts about deterrence, and to provide a framework for evaluating the strength of deterrent relationships. They focus on a specific type of deterrence: extended deterrence of interstate aggression.
Armenia and Azerbaijan
Laurence Broers shows how more than 20 years of dynamic territorial politics, shifting power relations, international diffusion and unsuccessful mediation efforts have contributed to the resilience of the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict for control of the mountainous territory of Nagorny Karabakh.
Is Russia’s Energy Weapon Still Potent in the Era of Integrated Energy Markets?
The second Strategic Analysis paper from Hybrid CoE is by Agnia Grigas. Dr. Grigas outlines how the energy sector will remain at risk from a mix of hybrid threats such as cyber attacks, propaganda, and conventional and unconventional military threats in the new era of integrated energy markets.
