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B-Cell Receptor Signaling
B-lymphocytes produce antibodies, mediate humoral responses, and act as a key to the adaptive immune system of our body. The development and function of B cells are largely dependent on B cell antigen receptors (BCRs), which transmit a multitude of signals upon binding to the cognate antigen and activate the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of B cells thereof. Thus, studying the BCR signaling remains fascinating for both basic and translational research. This volume provides a collection of protocols ranging from classical cell and molecular biology applications to state-of-the-art omics techniques for studying BCR signaling. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters detail the strengths, weaknesses, and troubleshooting techniques that we hope will be helpful to researchers. Cutting-edge and thorough, B-Cell Receptor Signaling: Methods and Protocols will inspire immunologists in designing new experiments to explore the classics from a different perspective, as well as ask some stunning biological questions of our time.
Biophysical Methods for Diagnosing Human Tissue Anomalies
Medical diagnosis of tissue anomalies, particularly cancer, is often limited by the constraints of current imaging technologies. This book introduces two approaches to address this issue: the imaging and the non-imaging methods. In the imaging category, the book unveils a pioneering technique based on radio tomosynthesis. Initially proven effective in detecting breast anomalies, this imaging method is now under evaluation for its potential in identifying brain anomalies. For non-imaging diagnostics, it delves into Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), a technique known for its speed and reliability. The book demonstrates its successful application in diagnosing a range of cancers, including oral, uterine, ovarian, gastrointestinal, colorectal, and skin cancers. Furthermore, it explores its utility in predicting embryo quality and assessing pressure injuries. To augment these methods, the book employs machine learning algorithms, evaluating their efficacy in creating discriminative models for tissue anomalies.
Lymphoma
This detailed volume expands upon the previous edition with key methods currently used in lymphoma research, partly specific for lymphoma research but often adaptable to the study of other cancers. New chapters explore the latest approaches for single cell B cell and T cell receptor sequencing, multiplexed immunophenotyping of lymphoma tissue samples, genetic manipulation and extended culture of human germinal center B cells, genetic mouse models of lymphomas, establishment of patient-derived xenograft models of lymphomas, and more. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-day, Lymphoma: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition serves as a valuable resource for hematologists, hematopathologists, and scientists interested in a variety of topics in cancer research, human genetics, and immunology.
Advances in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the Western world. CLL has a highly varied clinical course. While advances in CLL therapy are noted, many patients still succumb to this illness. Like most progress in medicine, solid advances in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of CLL are rooted in an in-depth understanding of the basic and translational biology of CLL. In this book, CLL experts have contributed state-of-the-art summaries of various important aspects of CLL biology and have discussed the translational implication of such findings. This book, which is directed at physicians and researchers alike, aims to educate broadly and deeply. Intentionally, the man...
High-risk Subtypes of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia are Detectable as Early as 16 Years Prior to Diagnosis
Abstract: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is preceded by monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (MBL), a CLL precursor state with a prevalence of up to 12% in aged individuals; however, the duration of MBL and the mechanisms of its evolution to CLL remain largely unknown. In this study, we sequenced the B-cell receptor (BcR) immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene repertoire of 124 patients with CLL and 118 matched controls in blood samples taken up to 22 years prior to diagnosis. Significant skewing in the BcR IGH gene repertoire was detected in the majority of patients, even before the occurrence of lymphocytosis and irrespective of the clonotypic IGH variable gene somatic hypermutation status. ...
