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In the simulation, all the possibilities of the study s purpose are completed, when the past of history is analyzed based on the theory of the present and designed for similar situations in the future. In the development of simulated battles we will use the rules, maps, command cards and data (random factor) from the “Command & Colors” game from GMT Games and the pieces from “Pavia: Climax of the Italian Wars” game by Decision Games.
Since 1862, politicians argued with the imperial government about the need to improve the border defenses of Mato Grosso and Rio Grande do Sul, which at that time were dangerously unguarded. Let s simulate what would be the best conditions for the Brazilian Expeditionary Force in the north of the Paraguay managed to complete the first phase of a strategic-military plan that aimed to establish a logistical base across the border on the Apa River. This would make it possible, in a second phase, to attempt to consolidate this axis of invasion and from there, an operational strategy could be pursued that would advance on Concepción and Asunción from the north, aiming to connect to the fluvial axis through the Paraguay River, from the Platinum region, south of the continent.
Considering the principal historical assumption that the Central Alliance had better military leadership capable of innovating (technology) and maneuvering (flexible planning), based primarily on the evolution of the Prussian / German General Staff since 1806, but on the other hand, lacking a more solid political orientation, which eventually led him to assume this (inappropriate) role, the basis of the simulation of this book will be as it would have been if the German political leadership, in particular, had been better understood from the outset, perhaps provoking a shorter war and a fairer and more consolidated future peace.
During the French and Napoleonic Revolutionary Wars the British Royal Navy established its reputation as one of the most effective fighting institutions in history. The Navy not only played a key role in defeating France, but periodically opposed, usually with notable success, against its allies, Holland, Spain and Denmark, then establishing a maritime supremacy that would remain unchallenged for the next hundred years. In the development of the simulation of these battles we will use the board game “Flying Colors” from GMT Games. The rules of the game when they appear for the first time, will appear in a footnote. And the originals of the rules and tables are available in the Annexes at the end of the book.
The Battle of Lissa or Battle of Vis (Croatian: Bitka kod Visa) took place on 20 July 1866 in the Adriatic Sea near the Dalmatian island of Vis (Lissa in Italian) and was a significant victory for a fleet of the Austrian Empire over a numerically superior Italian. One of the main reasons for this poor performance was the internal rivalry between the commanders of the Italian fleet and, as a consequence, the Italian admirals Albini and Vacca, with their ships, did not face the enemy during the entire battle. We understand that the Austrian maneuver was consistent and the best possible according to the available means, and also had luck in its favor and the failures of the Italian fleet. So let s test a hypothesis in which the latter will have its main tactical shortcomings corrected.
In the simulations of the sea battles I will use the rules and tables of the board game Flying Colors . Based on a summary of these battles, I try to analyze and highlight the decisive factors, before simulating alternative “what if...” hypotheses through a board game. In some battles the available bibliographic sources have gaps in organizations and historical maneuvers. In these cases I will fill these gaps in the most scientific way possible, crossing and / or merging references, establishing an average in the numbers, and thus meet the needs of my hypothesis to be studied.
The Thirty Years War from 1618 to 1648 is considered one of the most destructive wars in European history. It is estimated that between 4.5 and 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a direct result, while some areas of Germany suffered population declines of more than 50%, also from hunger and disease. On 24 August or 3 September 1632 (Julian or Gregorian calendar), Gustavus Adolphus attacked the imperial camp at Alte Veste (or “Old Fortress”) – an abandoned castle perched atop a wooded hill. His ownership would then allow Swedish guns to dominate the imperial camp. These protected themselves in trenches and with abatises that blocked the Swedish advance. In the battle simulation, we will try to correct the flaws presented in the historical analysis, testing improvements in the maneuvers. And then we will prove which maneuver will prevail, both being instructed with the best and maximum effort.
The simulation will cover seven hundred years (AD 750-1453) of history from the establishment of the boundaries between the maximum expansion of Islam against Christianity in Europe. In philosophy there was a period in the Medieval Age when almost all the works of the great ancient philosopher Plato were unknown, but before that and after the rediscovery of his texts (Petrarch in the XIV century had a Plato manuscript) he was read and taken as a reference point. In the simulation we will imagine that the rediscovery had occurred earlier, let s say in the so-called “Carolingian Renaissance” from the year 787.
In the simulation Flavius s Operational Strategy, of course, should have been to avoid direct confrontation without Gratianus’ reinforcement. But since the Romans believed they had a numerical advantage because they did not distrust Goths cavalry away from the camp, it would be difficult to avoid attacking. The Tactic should have sought to surprise the Goths device in presence, either in time (speed of charges) or in space (battle order) of the attack. That is, it will ignore Fritigern s request for parliament and will now attack - a Fulgurbellum - as advised by its legates and tribunes. In practice it will employ an Agmen Impetum, seeking with its infantry to fix and destroy the opponent, while with its cavalry it protects itself in the flanks. Once conquered the Wagenburg will unfold in the Agmen Quadratum formation.
In the simulation it will be considered the hypothesis of what might have been the final tactical result if the Argive left wing had been reinforced by exploring a technique similar to the oblique order (Battle of Leuctra, 371 BC). However, going a little further, it will also be considered how the confrontation would have occurred between a massive Argive device, with the phalanges of all wings in column (smaller front, greater depth), against an open spartan device (larger front, smaller depth). Thus, in the first instance, the premature flight of the less reliable wing would be prevented, in a second moment it would surprise the other side by applying a concentration of forces (elite troops) on the opposite side of the traditional one and, finally, delay the shock of the center and of the right wing, also reinforced (massed), contributing to the final imbalance of the opposing device.