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The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the institution designed to support global trade and economic growth by helping to maintain stability in the international financial system. Originally created to finance short-term balance of payments deficits during the Bretton Woods Era of gold/dollar fixed exchange rates (1944--1971), in the current world where flexible exchange rates dominate in the industrial economics, it has focused on developing countries where ever larger financial crises have erupted. The book provides a basic understanding of its mission and operations, and how they may have evolved. A comprehensive bibliography is included with easy access by subject, author and title indexes.
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"Official membership directory" in each volume.
The reader in two volumes examines key issues of food and nutrition security under the driving forces of globalization and urbanization. The different sections and chapters present approaches to food security throughout the world in a historic as well as a systematic perspective. The methods applied are both qualitative and quantitative (two econometric models and one cluster analysis). Although much has been written on food security, a systematic treatment of a historical-empirical and theoretical-analytical view is a recent development, and we have therefore chosen a'holistic'approach. The first volume contains contributions of a more historical-empirical nature; the second volume is policy oriented. Each volume is essentially self-contained and can be read in its own right, according to the reader's interest. The current work builds on our 1999 volume on"Food Security and Nutrition - The Global Challenge". Our new reader comprises 62 articles by 71 authors. It is written for a broad audience, including scientists, experts, consultants, practitioners of development aid and students. The reader constitutes one of the most comprehensive compendia of its kind.
UN peace operations represent intermediate international public goods that yield a number of positive externalities - such as peace and security, enhanced international stability and respect for human rights. The potential benefits that can be derived from these operations critically depend on how the international community decides to finance them. Despite the fact that the financing of UN peace operations is a crucial component of their production path, there have been surprisingly few attempts to examine whether and how the UN has adjusted the international public financing system underlying the provision of its operations to the complex tasks the organization is required to undertake. Th...