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Is privity of contract the reason why investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) is open to critics, or could it contribute to solving the system’s legitimacy crisis? Privity of contract essentially means that a subject must be a party to a contract, in order to acquire rights and assume obligations, to sue and be sued under that contract. Privity of contract came to land on the shores of ISDS and this has at least on one occasion been described as an ‘original sin’. Arbitral tribunals often need to decide whether they have jurisdiction in cases where a party to the investment contract is not the claimant but a related entity, or not the central government, but a state agency or state-ow...
The global energy sector is in flux, transitioning from reliance on fossil fuels to clean energy sources at an unprecedented pace. This book explores the complex interplay between this transition and international investment law. The book navigates the tension between attracting crucial and expensive investments in clean energy and protecting a state's right to regulate its energy sector for environmental and other reasons. It analyses how international treaties and investment arbitration tribunals are evolving to address these challenges, examining how the scope of investment protection is being redefined and the delicate balance between stability and regulatory flexibility is being recalib...
The 2023 UNCITRAL Code of Conduct for Arbitrators in International Investment Dispute Resolution is the first and significant element of the important process of reform in investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS). This book, written by experts active in its drafting and negotiation, is the first article-by-article commentary on the Code and presents an in-depth discussion of the Code’s preparatory work, the negotiations and each provision. A comprehensive examination of independence, impartiality, and ethics in ISDS, the commentary includes wide-reaching consideration of essential aspects of the Code, including: rationales for each provision; tensions and concerns that each provision addre...
The Commentary on the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) provides a unique, article-by-article, textual analysis of this important international agreement. The ECT outlines a multilateral framework for cross-border cooperation in the energy sector based on the principles of open competitive markets and sustainable development.
Increasingly, international commercial arbitration has come to resemble the judicial process it was intended to replace, especially in terms of speed, costs and efficiency. Arbitration institutions worldwide have adopted rules or procedures to expedite the arbitral process to address these concerns. This book brings together thirty-one distinguished practitioners, academics and experts in the field from around the world to consider in nineteen chapters how these policies and procedures, including the 2021 UNCITRAL Expedited Arbitration Rules, operate and affect international commercial arbitration, investor-State arbitration and mediation. This book presents diverse and rich perspectives on ...
Should Chinese energy investments be excluded from the liberal economic system only based on geopolitical assessments? This book explores the potential regulatory control by the Chinese government over foreign energy investments to achieve their perceived strategic objectives. Host states in which Chinese energy companies make investments have increasingly opposed Chinese energy investments in their national security reviews, based on concerns that these investments have strategic objectives. The book analyses China's investment-related law, regulations, and energy policies to examine how overseas energy investment-making is governed. The book also explores the role of the Chinese government...
In Investors, States, and Arbitrators in the Crosshairs of International Investment Law and Environmental Protection, Dr Crina Baltag and Ylli Dautaj look at the investor-State dispute settlement system and inquire whether this is the most suitable transnational venue for resolving investment disputes that have an environmental component. This culminates essentially in whether arbitration is a legitimate forum and whether privately appointed arbitrators appropriately can resolve environmental-related disputes. These disputes are bound to increase in frequency because host-States are also partaking in global efforts to respond to environmental challenges.
Finances in International Arbitration Liber Amicorum Patricia Shaughnessy Edited by Sherlin Tung, Fabricio Fortese & Crina Baltag Costs of arbitration has always been a main concern in international arbitration. It is a topic most often discussed and analyzed. In spite of the recent developments in thirdparty funding regulations as well as other mechanisms made available to users of arbitration to reduce costs, the topic remains a key focus for users of arbitration. As the founder of the world’s leading international commercial arbitration Master’s programme, Dr Patricia Shaughnessy is a huge advocate of communicating recent and important developments in international arbitration and has...