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Two cytochrome P4501A-dependent mechanisms of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist toxicity were examined in the marine teleost scup (Stenotomus chrysops), alteration of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In scup hepatic microsomes, cytochrome P450s including CYP1A and CYP2B-like proteins catalyzed regioselective metabolism of AA to eicosatrienoic and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Benzo[a]pyrene (BP) treatment induced liver microsomal AA metabolism, but that effect varied with season. Endogenous AA epoxides were recovered from scup liver, heart, and kidney, and their composition in the liver was altered by treatment with BP or 2,3,7,8-tetrac...
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Odontocetes are assumed to use echolocation for navigation and foraging, but neither of these uses of biosonar has been conclusively demonstrated in free-ranging animals. A new observation platform combining underwater acoustic recording and a remote controlled video camera suspended from a tethered airship allowed me to describe previously unreported foraging behaviors and elucidate functions for behaviors already defined but poorly understood. A single-step transition analysis beginning with prey capture and receding in time identified significant links between observed behaviors and prey capture. Ecological factors affecting the occurrence of specific behaviors and behavioral transitions ...
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