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The focus of prerational intelligence is on the way animals and artificial systems utilize information about their surroundings in order to behave intelligently; the premise is that logic and symbolic reasoning are neither necessary nor, possibly, sufficient. Experts in the fields of biology, psychology, robotics, AI, mathematics, engineering, computer science, and philosophy review the evidence that intelligent behaviour can arise in systems of simple agents interacting according to simple rules; that self-organization and interaction with the environment are critical; and that quick approximations may replace logical analyses. It is argued that a better understanding of the intelligence inherent in procedure like those illustrated will eventually shed light on how rational intelligence is realised in humans. Readership: Scientifically literate general readers and scientists in all fields interested in understanding and duplicating biological intelligence.
A comprehensive state-of-the-art text on microeconometric methods.
One of the challenges facing today's management is to develop theories and practices that address the dynamics of business networks. Complexity theory has much to contribute to this purpose. Thus, this volume focuses on exploring the emerging patterns of order and discussing the new management practices suitable to the network economy. Its presents a multidisciplinary analysis of modern businesses as complex systems and some managerial implications of managing complex networks in the knowledge economy. It discusses the impact of major forces that are altering today's business landscape, such as sweeping technological changes, unbundling of integrated structures, growing interdependence between once-independent sectors and increased unpredictability of strategy outcomes. The result has been and will increasingly be the dominion of complex interconnected networks in business.Some of the distinguished contributors include Bill McKelvey from UCLA, Richard Hall from the University of Durham and John L Casti from the University of Southern California.
The present volume provides a collection of seven articles containing new and high quality research results demonstrating the significance of Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEA) for data mining tasks in Knowledge Discovery from Databases (KDD). These articles are written by leading experts around the world. It is shown how the different MOEAs can be utilized, both in individual and integrated manner, in various ways to efficiently mine data from large databases.
This book questions the practices in the policy processes of international institutions. It looks at the formal and informal practices that are routinely undertaken as part of the structure of international policy processes, and analyses how people behave and with what outcome for international environmental governance.
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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, IWANN 2007, held in San Sebastián, Spain in June 2007. Coverage includes theoretical concepts and neurocomputational formulations, evolutionary and genetic algorithms, data analysis, signal processing, robotics and planning motor control, as well as neural networks and other machine learning methods in cancer research.
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Originally published as the Continuum Companion to Phonology, this book offers the definitive guide to a key area of linguistic study. It covers all the most important issues, concepts, movements and approaches in the field. Each companion offers a comprehensive reference resource giving an overview of key topics, research areas, new directions and a manageable guide to beginning or developing research in the field. It offers a survey of current research and also gives more practical guidance on advanced study and research in the area. The book includes coverage of key research areas in phonology, including the interaction of phonology with other areas of linguistics while also providing some guidance on how phonological research can be conducted in the field and in the laboratory. It moves from coverage of the smallest units such as features and syllables to larger units incorporating phrasal and prosodic structure. It is a complete resource for postgraduate students and researchers working in phonology.
Papers by leading figures on metaphysical issues pertaining to epistemology. Topics treated include the metaphysics of perception and of experience, disjunctivism, content externalism, epistemic abilities, the lottery paradox, the epistemology of consciousness, the metaphysics of knowledge as a state, and the ontology of reasons. This is all fresh, original work that well represents the present state of the field.