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Peatlands, climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation
Did you know that • peatlands hold more carbon than all forests of the world combined? • drained peatlands are responsible for 25% of total CO2 emissions in the Nordic and Baltic countries? • rewetting of peatlands substantially reduces these emissions? This policy brief pleads for increased commitments to conserving and rewetting peatlands; for abolishing regulations that drive peatland drainage; for changing drained peatland use to paludicultures; and for setting up good practice demonstration projects. It stresses the need for better communicating the benefits of wet peatlands and the costs arising from damaged ones. Finally it highlights the role of peatland rewetting and restoration in reaching national and international policy targets for climate change mitigation, water quality improvement and biodiversity conservation.
Peatland Restoration and Ecosystem Services
An interdisciplinary book tackling the challenges of managing peatlands and their ecosystem services in the face of climate change.
The Biology of Peatlands, 2e
This book provides a comprehensive and up to date overview of peatland ecosystems. It examines the entire range of biota present in this habitat and considers management, conservation, and restoration issues.
Peatlands mapping and monitoring
Integration of peatlands into land-use monitoring systems is central to the conservation of their carbon storage – be they conserved, degraded or restored. Healthy peatlands mitigate climate change, enhance adaptive capacity and maintain ecosystem services and biodiversity. Albeit peatlands are starting to receive a high level of attention and the scientific basis for their monitoring has quickly developed over the last few years. Robust and practical approaches and tools for developing and integrating peatland-monitoring into national monitoring and reporting frameworks is an important opportunity for countries to limit global warming to 2 °C.
Is Indonesian peatland loss a cautionary tale for Peru? A two-country comparison of the magnitude and causes of tropical peatland degradation
Key messagesIndonesia and Peru harbor some of the largest lowland tropical peatland areas. Indonesian peatlands are subject to much greater anthropogenic activity than Peru's resulting in high GHG and particulate emissions.We explored patterns of impact in both countries and compared predisposing factors. Impacts differ greatly among Indonesian regions and the Peruvian Amazon in the order: Sumatra > Kalimantan > Papua > Peru.All impacts, except fire, are positively related to population density.Current peatland integrity in Peru arises from a confluence of factors that has slowed development, with no absolute barriers protecting Peruvian peatlands from a similar fate to Indonesia's.If the goal is to maintain the integrity of Peruvian peatlands, government policies recognizing unique peatland functions and sensitivities will be necessary.
Tropical Peatlands
Tropical peatlands are found mostly in South East Asia, but also in Africa and in Central and South America. They and peat-swamp forests store large amounts of carbon and their destruction, particularly through the development of plantations for oil palm and other forms of agriculture, releases large quantities of greenhouse gases which contribute to climate change. They are also complex and vulnerable ecosystems, home to great biodiversity and a number of endangered species such as the orang utan.The aim of this book is to introduce this little known but important and vulnerable ecosystem in a way that explains its long standing interaction with the global carbon cycle and how it is being d...
Peatlands
For many centuries peatlands have been a source of fascination to naturalists and scientists. When the itinerant John Leland passed through the peatlands of Central Wales in 1538 his comment was 'The pastures and montaynes of Cairdiganshire be so great that the hunderith part of hit roteth on the ground and makes sogges and quikke more by long continuance for lak of eting of hit'. His observation displays considerable ecological discernment, for he pinpoints those features of the peatland ecosystem which serve to differentiate it from all others and which have fired the imagination of generations of ecologists with an enthusiasm to understand the processes which Leland observed. Peatlands ar...
Why peatlands matter
What is peat? Peat is a type of organic soil which is made up of partly decomposed vegetation and is formed over centuries in waterlogged conditions. Peat has been on our planet for around 360 million years. Some peatlands in existence today took more than 10,000 years to develop. Where is it found? Peat exists in a variety of climates around the world. From high altitudes to coastal areas and from tropical rainforests to permafrost regions towards the poles, where soil has been frozen year round for at least two years. The vast majority of peatlands can be found in colder climates, in temperate or boreal areas. Tropical countries with large stores of peat include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Indonesia and Peru. 68% of tropical peatlands are found in Southeast Asia.
The Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on the Structure and Function of Wetland/Grassland Ecosystems
Wetlands and grassland are important components of natural ecosystems, which have rich values in maintaining ecological balance, regional economy and human development. Wetlands can provide freshwater resources and food sources for human beings, purify the water environment and mitigate climate change. The grassland ecosystem has such ecological functions as windbreak, sand fixation, soil preservation, climate regulation, air purification, water conservation and so on, which are closely related to human survival and well-being. In recent years, climate change and human activities have caused a profound impact on the structure and function of wetland and grassland ecosystems, and the problems of decline in size and function have attracted extensive attention from researchers globally. However, there are still many uncertainties about the variety of wetland and grassland ecosystem composition, structure and dynamics, as well as how they respond and adapt to climate change and human activities.
Peatlands and Climate Change
The International Peat Society IPS established a joint IPS Working Group on Peatlands and Climate Change in the end of the year 2005. The Working Group's task was to compile information into a summary of available knowledge to help the IPS and other actors to understand the role of peatlands and peat within the current context of global climate change.
