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An Introduction to Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience
Two recent innovations, the emergence of formal cognitive models and the addition of cognitive neuroscience data to the traditional behavioral data, have resulted in the birth of a new, interdisciplinary field of study: model-based cognitive neuroscience. Despite the increasing scientific interest in model-based cognitive neuroscience, few active researchers and even fewer students have a good knowledge of the two constituent disciplines. The main goal of this edited collection is to promote the integration of cognitive modeling and cognitive neuroscience. Experts in the field will provide tutorial-style chapters that explain particular techniques and highlight their usefulness through concrete examples and numerous case studies. The book will also include a thorough list of references pointing the reader towards additional literature and online resources.
Towards a neuroscience of social interaction
The burgeoning field of social neuroscience has begun to illuminate the complex biological bases of human social cognitive abilities. However, in spite of being based on the premise of investigating the neural bases of interacting minds, the majority of studies have focused on studying brains in isolation using paradigms that investigate offline social cognition, i.e. social cognition from a detached observer's point of view, asking study participants to read out the mental states of others without being engaged in interaction with them. Consequently, the neural correlates of real-time social interaction have remained elusive and may —paradoxically— represent the 'dark matter' of social ...
Understanding the Prefrontal Cortex
"This chapter explains why this book is organized as it is. Each neocortical area has a unique pattern of inputs and outputs. This means that the challenge is to understand the transformation that each of the prefrontal areas performs from input to output. Functional brain imaging allows us to visualize the human brain at work, but it does not have the spatial resolution to identify the mechanisms that support the transformations that the brain performs. It is neurophysiological recordings from cells that tell us how these are achieved. Chapters 3-8 are therefore mainly devoted to studies that have been carried out on the prefrontal cortex of macaque monkeys because the methods are necessarily invasive. Apart from recording, the methods include making selective lesions in an area; it is these that identify the contribution that is unique to that area. The book ends by reviewing the evolution of the human prefrontal cortex; and the final two chapters discuss the ways in which the human prefrontal cortex is specialized in terms of function. In doing so, they attempt to account for the intellectual gap between humans and other primates"-- Provided by publisher.
Aquinas, The Zika Virus and the argument for Catholic Abortion
In ""Aquinas, The Zika Virus and the Argument for Catholic Abortion"" Timb D. Hoswell argues that a return to the doctrine of ensoulment, as evinced by the Middle Church Fathers and enlightened by Aquinas would provide grounds for limited cases of Catholic Abortion within the scope and cosmos of Catholic Philosophy. The doctrine of ensoulment contains the principle that 'only a body fit for rational ensoulment can be rationally ensouled'. Thus in cases of the Zika Virus where the damage is of such severity it results in a privation of the human form, rational ensoulment is impossible, and thus abortion is not an act of murder, nor homicide since the effects of the virus place the foetus beyond rational ensoulment. The book also argues for Catholic reincarnation based on Christ's revelation that John the Baptist is Elijah, as well the possibility of a soul for Artificial Intelligence, clones, alien life forms and other forms of rational being with an embryogenesis different from our own.
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