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Experiences of Poverty in Late Medieval and Early Modern England and France
Exploring a range of poverty experiences-socioeconomic, moral and spiritual-this collection presents new research by a distinguished group of scholars working in the medieval and early modern periods. Collectively they explore both the assumptions and strategies of those in authority dealing with poverty and the ways in which the poor themselves tried to contribute to, exploit, avoid or challenge the systems for dealing with their situation. The studies demonstrate that poverty was by no means a simple phenomenon. It varied according to gender, age and geographical location; and the way it was depicted in speech, writing and visual images could as much affect how the poor experienced their poverty as how others saw and judged them. Using new sources-and adopting new approaches to known sources-the authors share insights into the management and the self-management of the poor, and search out aspects of the experience of poverty worthy of note, from which can be traced lasting influences on the continuing understanding and experience of poverty in pre-modern Europe.
Defining Community in Early Modern Europe
Numerous historical studies use the term community' to express or comment on social relationships within geographic, religious, political, social, or literary settings, yet this volume is the first systematic attempt to collect together important examples of this varied work in order to draw comparisons and conclusions about the definition of community across early modern Europe. The chapters demonstrate the complex and changeable nature of community in an era more often characterized as a time of stark certainties and inflexibility. As a result, the volume contributes a vital resource to the ongoing efforts of scholars to understand the creation and perpetuation of communities and the significance of community definition for early modern Europeans.
Women and Poor Relief in Seventeenth-Century France
Chronicling the history of the Daughters of Charity through the seventeenth century, this study examines how the community's existence outside of convents helped to change the nature of women's religious communities and the early modern Catholic church. Unusually for the time, this group of Catholic religious women remained uncloistered. They lived in private houses in the cities and towns of France, offering medical care, religious instruction and alms to the sick and the poor; by the end of the century, they were France's premier organization of nurses. This book places the Daughters of Charity within the context of early modern poor relief in France - the author shows how they played a critical role in shaping the system, and also how they were shaped by it. The study also examines the complicated relationship of the Daughters of Charity to the Catholic church of the time, analyzing it not only for what light it can shed on the history of the community, but also for what it can tell us about the Catholic Reformation more generally.
The Power of Religious Societies in Shaping Early Modern Society and Identities
The Power of Religious Societies in Shaping Early Modern Society and Identities studies the value system of the French Catholic community the Filles de la Charité, or the Daughters of Charity, in the first half of the seventeenth century. An analysis of the activities aimed at edifying morality in the different strata of society revealed a Christian anthropology with strong links to medieval traditions. The book argues that this was an important survival strategy for the Company with a disconcerting religious identity: the non-cloistered lifestyle of its members engaged in charity work had been made unlawful in the Council of Trent. Moreover, the directors Louise de Marillac and Vincent de Paul also had to find ways to curtail internal resistance as the sisters rebelled in quest of a more contemplative and enclosed vocation.
Fictive Orders and Feminine Religious Identities, 1200-1600
Any visitor to Belgium or the Netherlands is immediately struck by the number of convents and beguinages (begijnhoven) in both major cities and small towns. Their number and location in urban centres suggests that the women who inhabited them once held a prominent role. Despite leaving a visible mark on cities in Europe, much of the story of these women - known variously as beguines, tertiaries, klopjes, recluses, and anchoresses - remains to be told. Instead of aspiring to live as traditional religious, they transcended normative assumptions about religion and gender and had a very real impact on their religious and secular worlds. The sources for their tale are often fragmentary and diffic...
Common Whores, Vertuous Women, and Loveing Wives
The author offers an in-depth view of English women in the Maryland colony, mostly in the years from 1634 to 1713. Religious conflicts had a pronounced effect on women and their families in early modern England, but in the New World gender relations and family formations were largely unhampered by the unsettled political and religious climate of England. In Maryland, English Arminian catholics, particular baptists, presbyterians, puritans, quakers, and roman catholics lived and worked together for most of the seventeenth century. By examining thousands of wills and other personal documents, this study depicts women's place in society and the ways in which religious values and social arrangements shaped their lives.
The Cornellian
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Infant Baptism in Reformation Geneva
This book examines beliefs, practices, and arguments surrounding infant baptism in Geneva during the time of John Calvin. Karen Spierling studies several facets of Calvin's theology of baptism, including its impact on the formation of community; its doctrine and liturgy; its role in the raising of children; and the parts played by parents, ministers, godparents, and midwives in the practice of baptism. This book also highlights some of the controversies surrounding baptism in the sixteenth century, most notably the tension between Calvin's theology of baptism and that of the Roman Catholic Church.
