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Illegitimacy, Family, and Stigma is the first full-length exploration of what it was like to be illegitimate in eighteenth-century England, telling stories of individuals across the socio-economic scale. This vivid investigation of the meaning of illegitimacy gets to the heart of powerful inequalities in families, communities, and the state.
"Descriptions of women's clothing increasingly circulated across textual genres and beyond in eighteenth-century England. This book explores the significance of these descriptions across a range of sources including wills, newspapers, accounts, court records, and the records of the old poor law. Attention has rested on women literate and wealthy enough to leave behind textual or material traces, but this book ranges from the parish pauper to the gentlewoman to consider descriptive languages, rhetorical strategies, and relationships with clothing across the social hierarchy. It explores how women described their own clothing, but also looks at how it was described by overseers, family members, retailers, and even strangers. It shows that we must look beyond isolated descriptions to how, why, and who was describing clothing to understand its role. Chapters uncover themes of material obligation, expectation, and entitlement." --
Few measures, if any, could claim to have had a greater impact on British society than the poor law. As a comprehensive system of relieving those in need, the poor law provided relief for a significant proportion of the population but influenced the behaviour of a much larger group that lived at or near the margins of poverty. It touched the lives of countless numbers of individuals not only as paupers but also as ratepayers, guardians, officials and magistrates. This system underwent significant change in the nineteenth century with the shift from the old to the new poor law. The extent to which changes in policy anticipated new legislation is a key question and is here examined in the cont...
The range of women's work and its contribution to the family economy studied here for the first time. Despite the growth of women's history and rural social history in the past thirty years, the work performed by women who lived in the nineteenth-century English countryside is still an under-researched issue. Verdon directly addresses this gap in the historiography, placing the rural female labourer centre stage for the first time. The involvement of women in the rural labour market as farm servants, as day labourers in agriculture, and as domestic workers, are all examined using a wide range of printed and unpublished sources from across England. The roles village women performed in the inf...
They are voices that have been silent for centuries: those of captives and refugees, widows and orphans, the blind and infirm, and the underclass of the "working poor." Now, for the first time, the voices of the poor in the Middle Ages come to life in this moving book by historian Mark Cohen. A companion to Cohen's other volume, Poverty and Charity in the Jewish Community of Medieval Egypt, the book presents more than ninety letters, alms lists, donor lists, and other related documents from the Geniza, a hidden chamber for discarded papers, situated inside a wall in a Cairo synagogue. Cohen has translated these documents, providing the historical context for each. In the past, most of what w...
Introduction: Consuming the eighteenth century -- Travellers' tales : nation and region -- What the people wore -- Clothing biographies -- Keeping up appearances -- Changing clothes -- Fashioning time : watches -- Fashion's favourite : cotton -- Clothing provincial England : fabrics -- Clothing provincial England : garments -- Clothing the metropolis -- The view from above -- The view from below -- Budgeting for clothes -- Clothes and the lifecycle -- Involuntary consumption : objects of charity -- Involuntary consumption : parish paupers -- Involuntary consumption : servants -- Conclusion: Popular fashion
Edited papers from an international conference at the University of Trier, 2003.
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Die Eheschließung war in den europäischen Gesellschaften der Vergangenheit nicht nur ein wichtiger Einschnitt im individuellen Lebenslauf, sondern bedeutete auch einen Wendepunkt in der Abfolge der Generationen, der oft mit der Weitergabe von Besitz verbunden war. Heiraten begründeten zugleich Allianzen zwischen Familien, sie schufen soziale Nähe und Distanz. Die Beiträge untersuchen diese unterschiedlichen Bedeutungen der Heirat. Sie kritisieren die verbreitete Vorstellung, die Ehe sei im vorindustriellen Europa ein Privileg gewesen, das nur den Besitzern einer ererbten Stelle zugänglich war. Neben den ökonomischen und institutionellen Bedingungen werden die flexiblen Handlungsstrategien der Heiratenden und ihrer Familien deutlich. Kulturelle Kontexte langer Dauer werden ebenso analysiert wie die individuellen Spielräume. Der - dreisprachig angelegte - Band lädt ein zur vergleichenden Betrachtung verschiedener sozialer Gruppen und europäischer Länder in einer Periode des Umbruchs.