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An introduction to number theory for beginning graduate students with articles by the leading experts in the field.
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 18th International Colloquium on Theoretical Aspects of Computing, ICTAC 2021, organized by the Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan. The event was supposed to take place in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, but due to COVID-19 pandemic is was held virtually. The 15 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. The book also contains one invited talk in full paper length. The book deals with challenges in both theoretical aspects of computing and the exploitation of theory through methods and tools for system development. The 20 full papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. The papers cover a wide variety of topics, including: getting the best price for selling your personal data; attacking Bitcoin; optimizing various forms of model checking; synthesizing and learning algorithms; formalizing and verifying contracts, languages, and compilers; analyzing the correctness and complexity of programs and distributed systems; and finding connections from proofs in propositional logic to quantum programming languages.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Intelligent Computer Mathematics, CICM 2021, held in Timisoara, Romania, in July 2021*. The 12 full papers, 7 system descriptions, 1 system entry, and 3 abstracts of invited papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 38 submissions. The papers focus on advances in formalization, automatic theorem proving and learning, search and classification, teaching and geometric reasoning, and logic and systems, among other topics. * The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Two ideas lie gleaming on the jeweler's velvet. The first is the calculus, the sec ond, the algorithm. The calculus and the rich body of mathematical analysis to which it gave rise made modern science possible; but it has been the algorithm that has made possible the modern world. -David Berlinski, The Advent of the Algorithm First there was the concept of integers, then there were symbols for integers: I, II, III, 1111, fttt (what might be called a sticks and stones representation); I, II, III, IV, V (Roman numerals); 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (Arabic numerals), etc. Then there were other concepts with symbols for them and algorithms (sometimes) for ma nipulating the new symbols. Then came collections ...
While mathematical software packages are commercially successful and widely used, the use of formal methods in hardware and software development is also becoming more and more important and necessary. This has made deduction systems indispensable because of the complexity and sheer size of the reasoning tasks involved.
Process measurement deals with the quantification of business process models using process model metrics. This book presents a theoretical framework for the prediction of external process model attributes (as, for example, error-proneness and understandabiltiy) based on internal (structural) attributes. The properties of proposed metrics are analyzed. A visualization technique for metric values is introduced and metrics for process model understandability and granularity are evaluated.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Euro-Par Conference, held in Passau, Germany, in August 1997. The 178 revised papers presented were selected from more than 300 submissions on the basis of 1101 reviews. The papers are organized in accordance with the conference workshop structure in tracks on support tools and environments, routing and communication, automatic parallelization, parallel and distributed algorithms, programming languages, programming models and methods, numerical algorithms, parallel architectures, HPC applications, scheduling and load balancing, performance evaluation, instruction-level parallelism, database systems, symbolic computation, real-time systems, and an ESPRIT workshop.
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This volume contains the fifty-nine research papers presented at the 1997 International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation. The Symposium was held in Wailea on the island of Maui, Hawaii, USA, July 21-23, 1997 under the sponsorship of the ACM Special Interest Group in Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation (SIGSAM) and the Special Interest Group on Numerical Mathematics (SIGNUM). The fifty-nine papers contained in this volume together with the two invited talks at the Symposium represent original research in all areas of symbolic and algebraic computation.