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This book presents a framework to reconceptualize internet governance and better manage cyber attacks. It examines the potential of polycentric regulation to increase accountability through bottom-up action. It also provides a synthesis of the current state of cybersecurity research, bringing features of cyber attacks to light and comparing and contrasting the threat to all relevant stakeholders. Throughout the book, cybersecurity is treated holistically, covering issues in law, science, economics and politics. This interdisciplinary approach is an exemplar of how strategies from different disciplines as well as the private and public sectors may cross-pollinate to enhance cybersecurity. Case studies and examples illustrate what is at stake and identify best practices. The book discusses technical issues of Internet governance and cybersecurity while presenting the material in an informal, straightforward manner. The book is designed to inform readers about the interplay of Internet governance and cybersecurity and the potential of polycentric regulation to help foster cyber peace.
Neuronal dendritic trees are complex structures that endow the cell with powerful computing capabilities and allow for high neural interconnectivity. Studying the function of dendritic structures has a long tradition in theoretical neuroscience, starting with the pioneering work by Wilfrid Rall in the 1950s. Recent advances in experimental techniques allow us to study dendrites with a new perspective and in greater detail. The goal of this volume is to provide a résumé of the state-of-the-art in experimental, computational, and mathematical investigations into the functions of dendrites in a variety of neural systems. The book first looks at morphological properties of dendrites and summar...
The frontiers are the future of humanity. Peacefully and sustainably managing them is critical to both security and prosperity in the twenty-first century.
The cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is a key determinant of neuronal information transfer and processing. It controls a plethora of fundamental processes, including transmitter release and the induction of synaptic plasticity. This enigmatic second messenger conveys its wide variety of actions by binding to a subgroup of Ca2+ binding proteins (CaBPs) known as “Ca2+ sensors”. Well known examples of Ca2+ sensors are Troponin-C in skeletal muscle, Synaptotagmin in presynaptic terminals, and Calmodulin (CaM) in all eukaryotic cells. Since the levels of [Ca2+]i directly influence the potency of Ca2+ sensors, the Ca2+ concentration is tightly controlled by several mechanisms incl...
Over the last two decades, the recognition that astrocytes - the predominant type of cortical glial cells - could sense neighboring neuronal activity and release neuroactive agents, has been instrumental in the uncovering of many roles that these cells could play in brain processing and the storage of information. These findings initiated a conceptual revolution that leads to rethinking how brain communication works since they imply that information travels and is processed not just in the neuronal circuitry but in an expanded neuron-glial network. On the other hand the physiological need for astrocyte signaling in brain information processing and the modes of action of these cells in comput...
This volume looks at the latest advancements at the forefront of cellular, circuit, and neural network imaging in the brain. The chapters in this book cover topics such as super resolution imaging at the level of molecules and nanoscopic cellular compartments; the monitoring of individual synapses; physiological communication inside and among neurons and astrocytes; and the activity of targeted multi-cellular ensembles and selected populations of neurons. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Fluorescence Imaging of the Brain is a valuable resource for both novice and experienced researchers who are interested in learning more about this rapidly evolving area of optical methods and approaches that employ fluorescence sensors to better understand the versatile brain machinery.
Analysing different political and policy drivers of extraterritoriality in various social, cultural, and economic settings, this book assesses the value of politics within the context of the law and practice of extraterritoriality. Extraterritoriality is one of the most complex and multifaceted concepts in international law, shaped by a dynamic interplay of legal, political, and practical factors. This book discusses the challenges of understanding extraterritoriality in the context of evolving international relations, the political forces behind state practices, and why international law matters in a field that, at first glance, may seem primarily national in scope. To address these issues,...
Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience is a multidisciplinary journal that focuses on the theoretical modeling of brain function and encourages multidisciplinary interactions between theoretical and experimental neuroscience. Our mission aligns closely with advancing global health and wellness goals, particularly the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 3: good health and well-being by promoting a deeper understanding of brain function and fostering research and collaboration in the field. This contributes to the development of new knowledge and technologies that can potentially improve mental health, neurological disorders, and overall well being, aligning with the broader goal o...
Complexity science is the study of systems with many interdependent components. Such systems - and the self-organization and emergent phenomena they manifest - lie at the heart of many challenges of global importance. This book is a coherent introduction to the mathematical methods used to understand complexity, with plenty of examples and real-world applications. It starts with the crucial concepts of self-organization and emergence, then tackles complexity in dynamical systems using differential equations and chaos theory. Several classes of models of interacting particle systems are studied with techniques from stochastic analysis, followed by a treatment of the statistical mechanics of complex systems. Further topics include numerical analysis of PDEs, and applications of stochastic methods in economics and finance. The book concludes with introductions to space-time phases and selfish routing. The exposition is suitable for researchers, practitioners and students in complexity science and related fields at advanced undergraduate level and above.