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Gypsies have lived in England since the early sixteenth century, yet considerable confusion and disagreement remain over the precise identity of the group. The question 'Who are the Gypsies?' is still asked and the debates about the positioning and permanence of the boundary between Gypsy and non-Gypsy are contested as fiercely today as at any time before. This study locates these debates in their historical perspective, tracing the origins and reproduction of the various ways of defining and representing the Gypsy from the early sixteenth century to the present day. Starting with a consideration of the early modern description of Gypsies as Egyptians, land pirates and vagabonds, the volume goes on to examine the racial classification of the nineteenth century and the emergence of the ethnic Gypsy in the twentieth century. The book closes with an exploration of the long-lasting image of the group as vagrant and parasitic nuisances which spans the whole period from 1500 to 2000.
In this book, an assortment of regional specialists in military relations are gathered together to comment on the current state of the military in various Eastern bloc states. The book focuses on the relationship between the military, politics, and society in these new and burgeoning democracies.
The annual publication Antisemitism Worldwide is compiled by the Stephen Roth Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism and Racism at Tel Aviv University. Unique in scope, structure, and variety of sources, this volume is an analysis of antisemitism in 2000 and early 2001. It includes scholarly articles and book reviews as well as country-by-country surveys. In 2000, the number of major violent acts of antisemitism more than doubled from 1999, and other acts of violence increased by over 50 percent. Antisemitism Worldwide is based on information systematically collected by the institute throughout the world in many languages, then summarized and computerized in its database in English. The source materials come from individuals and institutes, all forms of media, ministries, and committees, as well as Jewish communities and organizations.
The most comprehensive study of Romanian politics ever published abroad, this volume represents an effort to collect and analyze data on the complex problems of Romania's journey from sultanistic national communism to a yet-unreached democratic government.
Picking up where Minorities at Risk left off, Peoples Versus States offers an expanded and updated perspective on ethnic and nationalist conflict throughout the world, as well as efforts to manage it. Ted Gurr surveys the behavior of 275 politically active ethnic groups during the 1990s and pinpoints the factors that encourage the assertion of ethnic identities. Whereas his highly acclaimed 1993 book presented a disturbing picture of spreading ethnic violence, this volume documents a pronounced decline since the early 1990s--a decline attributable, in part at least, to many states abandoning strategies of assimilation and control in favor of policies of pluralism and accommodation. Nonetheless, Gurr identifies some ninety groups as being at significant risk of conflict and repression in the early 21st century. And he cautions that the emerging global regime of principles and strategies governing relations between communal groups and states is far from perfect or universally effective.
America’s New Allies comprehensively analyzes the strengths and liabilities that accompany the 1999 addition of three former Soviet satellite nations—Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic—to the ranks of the 16-member North Atlantic Treaty Organization. This controversial enlargement of NATO formalizes the new geopolitical realities in Eastern Europe and forces the U.S. military to confront the prospect of defending these former enemies against armed attack. This round of enlargement is part of a larger restructuring of NATO underway since the end of the Cold War and tested by NATO’s 1999 action in Kosovo. The current enlargement—together with the prospect of adding other countries to NATO and the unprecedented institutional challenges highlighted during the Kosovo conflict—represents a defining moment for the emerging post-Cold War security architecture and, in turn, for the long-term relationship between the United States and Europe. The issues discussed in America’s New Allies will be vigorously debated for years to come.
"American quarterly of Soviet and East European studies" (varies).
Armies of Arabia is the first book to comprehensively analyze the armed forces of the Gulf monarchies. Zoltan Barany explains the conspicuous ineffectiveness of Gulf militaries with a combination of political-structural and sociocultural factors. Following a brief exposition on their historical evolution, he explores the region's six armies of the region comparatively, through the lenses of military politics, sociology, economics, and diplomacy. The book's themes come together in the last chapter that critically evaluates the Saudi and Emirati armed forces' record in the on-going war in Yemen.
... includes all research materials published in the RFE research series (Background reports, Situation reports, and Press surveys)...