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Exploring the expansion of the penal system in Spain during the first 40 years of democracy, this book puts forward the importance of studying punishment from a sociological perspective and examines the neoliberal penality thesis. Today, Spain has more police officers and more people in prison than 50 years ago and a tougher penal code than that which existed at Franco’s death; however, crime has not increased for three decades, while most of the hardening of the penal system has occurred after its stabilisation. Studying the development of penality in Spanish democracy, this book explores Loïc Wacquant’s proposal that the expansion of the penal system should be understood as a characte...
This comprehensive, detailed account explores crime and punishment throughout the world through the eyes of leading experts, local authors and scholars, and government officials. It is a subject as old as civil society, yet one that still fuels debate. Now the many and varied aspects of that subject are brought together in the four-volume Crime and Punishment around the World. This unprecedented work provides descriptions of crimes—and the justice systems that define and punish them—in more than 200 nations, principalities, and dependencies. Each chapter examines the historical, political, and cultural background, as well as the basic organization of the subject state's legal and criminal justice system. It also reports on the types and levels of crime, the processes leading to the finding of guilt, the rights of the accused, alternatives to going to trial, how suspects are prosecuted for their crimes, and the techniques and conditions of typical punishments employed. Comprising a study that is at once extraordinarily comprehensive and minutely detailed, the essays collected here showcase the variety and the universality of crime and punishment the world over.
Programmed cell death (PCD) is central in maintaining the life of multicellular organisms, during development as well as in healthy adulthood or in the context of disease. The best understood form of PCD is apoptosis, a caspase mediated, immunologically silent cell death that can be initiated in probably all cell types upon aging, lack of growth support, critical damage or infection. One of the key pathways of apoptosis involves mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), a process tightly regulated by members of the BCL-2 family. Whereas PCD and apoptosis were used synonymously in the past, other forms of PCD have been discovered more recently, including RIPK1/3- and MLKL-dependen...
Los videojuegos online han revolucionado el ocio digital, pero también han creado nuevos espacios de vulnerabilidad para los menores de edad. El ciberacoso sexual, el child grooming, la instrumentalización terrorista y otras formas de victimización encuentran en estas plataformas un terreno propicio que desafía los marcos jurídicos tradicionales. Esta obra colectiva, fruto de un proyecto de investigación competitivo oficial, aborda de manera integral los retos jurídicos que plantea la protección de menores en entornos de gaming online. Desde el análisis crítico de la normativa europea e internacional hasta el estudio de sistemas como PEGI, pasando por los dilemas éticos de la cibe...
Braden Clark quits his job as an Ohio police officer and moves across the country to Los Angeles, where he takes a job for a Southern crime boss named Lucas Mullins. Lucas, who runs a lucrative call girl business and preforms armed robberies, plans to open a luxury beachfront saloon in Santa Monica. Braden helps Lucas with his quest. Braden also begins an affair with a mysterious Salvadoran named Luisa Alfaro who is the keeper of a great secret.
Drug addiction and the illegal drug trade are recognized today as major international problems. Efforts to control trafficking and coordinate enforcement policy have until now met with only limited success. Although world opinion, led by the United States, has generally favored hard-line measures, some countries, such as Denmark and the Netherlands, strenuously resist them, while others, primarily poor Asian and South American countries, remain economically dependent on the demand for illicit drugs. Drugs, Law, and the State focuses on the conflicting cultural values and historical traditions that continue to thwart combined attempts among nations to impeded the flow of drugs. This volume is...
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