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This book is open access under a CC BY-NC-ND license. This book reveals exciting early Christian evidence that Mary was remembered as a powerful role model for women leaders—women apostles, baptizers, and presiders at the ritual meal. Early Christian art portrays Mary and other women clergy serving as deacon, presbyter/priest, and bishop. In addition, the two oldest surviving artifacts to depict people at an altar table inside a real church depict women and men in a gender-parallel liturgy inside two of the most important churches in Christendom—Old Saint Peter’s Basilica in Rome and the second Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. Dr. Kateusz’s research brings to light centuries of censorship, both ancient and modern, and debunks the modern imagination that from the beginning only men were apostles and clergy.
Contributing Authors: Fr. John Behr Dr Spyridoula Athanasopoulou-Kypriou Dr. Dionysios Skliris Fr. Andrew Louth Dr Mary Cunningham Met Kallistos Ware Rev Dr Sarah Hinlicky Wilson Dr Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald Dr Carrie Frederick Frost Dr Paul Ladouceur Luis Josué Salés This book—a collaborative, international initiative, involving academic theologians and practitioners—invites the reader into a conversation about the ordination of women in the Orthodox Church. It explores questions relating to the significance of being human, Eve’s curse, sexed bodies, the place of Mary, the nature of priesthood, the role of the deacon, and the task of being a priest in the twenty-first century. The reflections move across three main areas of discussion: issues of theological anthropology, particular questions pertaining to the priesthood and the diaconate, and contemporary practices. In each area the implications for ordaining women in the Orthodox Church today are explored.
Since the early 4th century, Christian pilgrims and visitors to Judea and Galilee have worshipped at and been inspired by monumental churches erected at sites traditionally connected with the life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. This book examines the history and archaeology of early Christian holy sites and traditions connected with specific places in order to understand them as interpretations of Jesus and to explore them as instantiations of memories of him. Ryan's overarching aim is to construe these places as instantiations of what historian Pierre Nora has called “lieux de mémoires,” sites where memory crystallizes and, where possible, to track the course and development of the traditions underlying them from their genesis in the Gospel narratives to their eventual solidification in the form of pilgrimage sites. So doing will bring rarely considered evidence to the study of early Christian memory, which in turn helps to illuminate the person of Jesus himself in both history and reception.
This book offers a new, intersectional feminist approach to utilising and interpreting the visual reception of Mary Magdalene. Through employment of Liberative Reception Criticism, which develops traditional reception theory in line with liberative hermeneutics, via the insights of intersectionality as critical theory, Siobhán Jolley provides a novel means of analysing how women, and particularly the Magdalene, are imaged in Christian tradition. Knowledge of both the biblical figure of Mary Magdalene and her cultural reception continue to be dominated by long-discredited ideas about her life and sexuality, which bear the hallmarks of their development under patriarchy. Through close study o...
This volume presents a timely contribution to the growing body of scholarship on the apocryphal writings and their reception in the Middle Ages, especially in connection with visual representation. It aims to bridge what often remains disconnected, the visual art and the written text, the early Christian roots and medieval reception, the East and the West, as well as methodologies of various disciplines. The studies in this volume firstly investigate issues related to the Virgin Mary, and through them, also the status, function, and identity of women. Mary and the female element thus represent significant models and/or background figures in fields pertaining to theology, religious studies, textual studies, manuscript studies, and art history in a trans-disciplinary perspective. Secondly, the studies focus on the apostles and the Last Judgment, their visual representations and the use of apocryphal sources. The volume is divided in two parts according to two major topics: Part I dealing with Mary in the Apocrypha, and Part II focusing on the Apostles and the Last Judgment.
This interdisciplinary volume of text and art offers new insights into various unsolved mysteries associated with Mary Magdalene, Mary of Bethany, Mary the Mother of Jesus, and Miriam the sister of Moses. Mariamic traditions are often interconnected, as seen in the portrayal of these women as community leaders, prophets, apostles and priests. These traditions also are often inter-religious, echoing themes back to Miriam in the Hebrew Bible as well as forward to Maryam in the Qur'an. The chapters explore questions such as: which biblical Mary did the author of the Gospel of Mary intend to portray-Magdalene, Mother, or neither? Why did some writers depict Mary of Nazareth as a priest? Were ext...
Nous avons l’habitude de voir des représentations de la Vierge Marie, notamment lors de l’Annonciation, avec un livre à la main. Quand, comment et pourquoi cet usage iconographique a-t-il vu le jour ? C’est à cette question que cherche à répondre le présent essai en retraçant l’histoire des représentations mariales et plus généralement des femmes à travers l’Histoire. Dans le miroir de Marie, nous découvrons des femmes.
Some early Christian writers around the Mediterranean in Late Antiquity (second- to eighth-century) depicted Mary, the mother of Jesus, and other women, both imperial and non-imperial, in both East and West, as church leaders, apostles, and priests. Over time scribes and artists transformed these early depictions into female caricatures that reinforced a very different system of values with respect to female agency. This study uses changes in texts, both narrative and iconographic, to illuminate subtly changing cycles of gender politics within the larger cultural and historical context of Late Antiquity.
Ketika Alena akhirnya pulang ke negara kelahirannya setelah dua tahun, ia harus berhadapan dengan sikap menyebalkan Leo. Sejak kecil, mereka adalah musuh bebuyutan. Namun, tiba-tiba Alena mendapati dirinya akan menikah dengan Leo. Tanpa sekali pun meminta persetujuannya, Leo mengumumkan pernikahannya dengan Alena pada media, pada dunia. Masalahnya, Alena pulang karena misi. Tak ada waktu untuk permainan pernikahan dengan Leo. Karena sejak lima tahun lalu, Alena mengikuti jejak papanya. Ia bergabung di organisasi rahasia, tanpa sepengetahuan papanya. Ketika orang tuanya dan orang tua Leo menyambut pernikahan itu dengan gembira, bagaimana Alena akan menolaknya? Lalu, bagaimana dengan misinya? Terlebih ketika Leo berada dalam bahaya, dan Alena harus memilih, antara meninggalkan pria itu dan membiarkannya mati, atau menikahi dan melindunginya. Pilihan apa yang akan diambilnya?
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