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This book develops natural language semantics for spatio-temporal information based on annotation structures rather than syntax.
This fourth edition provides an updated look at information organization, featuring coverage of the Semantic Web, linked data, and EAC-CPF; new metadata models such as IFLA-LRM and RiC; and new perspectives on RDA and its implementation. This latest edition of The Organization of Information is a key resource for anyone in the beginning stages of their LIS career as well as longstanding professionals and paraprofessionals seeking accurate, clear, and up-to-date guidance on information organization activities across the discipline. The book begins with a historical look at information organization methods, covering libraries, archives, museums, and online settings. It then addresses the types...
This handbook offers a thorough treatment of the science of linguistic annotation. Leaders in the field guide the reader through the process of modeling, creating an annotation language, building a corpus and evaluating it for correctness. Essential reading for both computer scientists and linguistic researchers.Linguistic annotation is an increasingly important activity in the field of computational linguistics because of its critical role in the development of language models for natural language processing applications. Part one of this book covers all phases of the linguistic annotation process, from annotation scheme design and choice of representation format through both the manual and...
This book presents a unique opportunity for constructing a consistent image of collaborative manual annotation for Natural Language Processing (NLP). NLP has witnessed two major evolutions in the past 25 years: firstly, the extraordinary success of machine learning, which is now, for better or for worse, overwhelmingly dominant in the field, and secondly, the multiplication of evaluation campaigns or shared tasks. Both involve manually annotated corpora, for the training and evaluation of the systems. These corpora have progressively become the hidden pillars of our domain, providing food for our hungry machine learning algorithms and reference for evaluation. Annotation is now the place whe...
Create your own natural language training corpus for machine learning. Whether you’re working with English, Chinese, or any other natural language, this hands-on book guides you through a proven annotation development cycle—the process of adding metadata to your training corpus to help ML algorithms work more efficiently. You don’t need any programming or linguistics experience to get started. Using detailed examples at every step, you’ll learn how the MATTER Annotation Development Process helps you Model, Annotate, Train, Test, Evaluate, and Revise your training corpus. You also get a complete walkthrough of a real-world annotation project. Define a clear annotation goal before coll...
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The premier guide to America's top funders. The new edition features key facts on the top 10,000 U.S. foundations by total giving--indexed by name, types of support, subject field, state, key officials. For ease of access, over 1,100 entries new to this edition are also indexed. Enhanced with more than 50,000 sample grants, the Directory provides valuable insight into foundation giving priorities.
From the editor of the Complete Index to World Film comes an equally comprehensive, if specialized, sourcebook on the output of the British film industry in the sound era. A vast range of theatrical styles and talents are covered in II fast-access indexes, including: -- 12,900 film entries with information on title, year, director(s), actor(s), type of film, length, alternative title, production/releasing company, and coproducing countries -- 3,900 directors -- 24,600 actors -- 1,100 cinematographers -- 1,200 composers -- 2,400 authors whose literary works were adapted to the screen
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