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Vibrio are Gram-negative bacteria that naturally inhabit riverine, estuarine and marine aquatic environments. Some Vibrio are known to be capable of causing gastroenteritis, wound infections, cholera and fatal septicemia in severe cases. Over the past decades, research on Vibrio has increased and has caused a great development in our knowledge of these pathogens. Focus of this research includes the discovery of emerging epidemic clones, the traits of new strains, and the occurrence of multidrug resistant strains in the ecology. Moreover, improved understandings of the prevalence, pathogenesis and evolution of Vibrio have revealed the significant role of these pathogens in enhancing disease t...
Oxidative and metabolic diseases represent a large proportion of global challenges to health and quality of life. These diseases are often characterised by the imbalance between the cellular prooxidant (products of metabolic processes) and the antioxidant molecules within the cells. The imbalance often led to the underlying factors that exacerbate the pathogenesis of some life-threatening diseases such as carcinogenesis, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Natural products, including phytochemicals and functional foods are known for their ability to affect metabolic processes such as ameliorating reactive oxygen species-induced mitochondria dysfunction, mitigating inflammatory response, and other cellular functions that could ameliorate the disease developments. Despite the relatively low toxicities of natural products as compared with synthetic products, further studies are still required to optimize the bioavailability, therapeutics, pharmaceutics, and clinical trials of natural products in patients suffering oxidative and metabolic diseases.
Actinobacteria are highly diverse prokaryotes that are ubiquitous in soil, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Although various studies have focused on the ecology of this phylum, data are still scant on the diversity, abundance and ecology of actinobacteria endemic to special and extreme environments, such as gut, plant, alkaline saline soil, deep sea sediments, hot springs and other habitats. Actinobacteria are well-known producers of a vast array of secondary metabolites, many of which have useful applications in medicine and agriculture. Furthermore, actinobacteria also have diverse functions in different environments apart from antibiotic production. For example, actinobacteria are report...
Nature has consistently provided human beings with bioactive compounds that can be used directly as drugs or indirectly as drug leads. Some of the major classes of natural bioactive compounds include phenolics, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, lignin, glycosides, terpenoids, and many more. They possess a broad range of biological activities and are primarily useful in the treatment of various health issues. At the same time, the search for new and novel drugs is never-ending and, despite major advances in synthetic chemistry, nature remains an essential resource for drug discovery. Therefore, more and more researchers are interested in understanding the chemistry, clinical pharmacology, and ben...
Global collaboration is the cornerstone of scientific advancement. Frontiers in Pharmacology has organized a series of special edition Research Topics, with the goal of highlighting the latest advancements in Ethnopharmacology across the globe, showcasing the academic excellence and high-quality work of internationally recognized researchers. These collections aim to shed light on the recent progress made across the entire breadth of the Ethnopharmacology field, and reflect on the future challenges faced by researchers across borders.
Ethnopharmacology investigates traditional medicines derived from diverse plants, animals, and minerals used by cultures worldwide. Traditional processing methods may play a vital role in optimizing therapeutic effects, reducing toxicity, and improving overall properties of medicinal resources. However, the contrary may also be the case if, for example, toxic metabolites are extracted at a higher concentration. These time-honored techniques have been employed for centuries in traditional medicine to create effective and safe remedies. Specialized processing techniques can even alter drug action sites or enhance the functional capabilities of medicinal substances. As interest in TCM and other...
Confucianism has influenced Chinese societies for more than 2,000 years, and such influence is likely to continue in the future. However, during the preceding centuries, the nature of what was understood to be Confucianism has changed, and this process will also continue. Today, the scholarly tradition is adapting both to the modernization of Chinese societies—mainland China, Singapore, and Taiwan—and to the emergence of global society. Tamney and Chiang focus on current social changes, their implications for the Chinese scholarly tradition, and the responses of Confucianists to these changes. Special topics include the response of Confucian scholars to the democracy movement, how politi...
There is a large market demand for new drugs. The existing chronic or common ailments without cures, development of new diseases with unknown causes, and the widespread existence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, have driven this field of research further by looking at all potential sources of natural products. To date, microbes have made a significant contribution to the health and well-being of people globally. The discoveries of useful metabolites produced by microbes have resulted in a significant proportion of pharmaceutical products in today’s market. Therefore, the investigation and identification of bioactive compound(s) producing microbes is always of great interest to researcher...
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.