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Metalworkers and their Tools: Symbolism, Function, and Technology in the Bronze and Iron Ages
12 papers by 22 authors from the “Metools” symposium (Queens University, Belfast, 2016), aim to shine a spotlight on the tools of the metalworker and to follow their evolution from the beginning of the Bronze Age through to the Iron Age, as well as the place held by metalworking and its artisans in the economic and social landscape of the period.
Late Bronze Age Weapon Depositions of North-Western Europe
The European Bronze Age (ca. 2200 to 800 BC) is characterised by the deposition of metal artefacts in very different compositions and conditions. They were usually deliberately abandoned in conspicuous places, especially near bodies of water. The purposes of these actions continue to be controversially interpreted in archaeological research, with the spectrum of suggestions ranging from hidden treasures in times of crisis, to concealed caches of craftsmen and traders, to ritual offerings to superhuman beings. Tobias Mörtz systematically presents a specific group of these so-called hoards and discusses their interpretation in a wider cultural-scientific context. Based on his own investigations of the original artefacts, traces of wear and damage are identified on spearheads and swords from Britain, France and Ireland, indicating their use during violent conflicts and subsequent deliberate destruction by bending, breaking, crushing, and burning. The final concealment in wetlands and rivers ruled out a potential retrieval. So, were they sacrifices after warlike events? What role did violence play in the Late Bronze Age? Were the rituals also intended to contain it?
Salamis of Cyprus
In May 2015 an international conference organised by the University of Cyprus and the Cypriot Department of Antiquities was held in Nicosia - a conference, which could well be called the largest ever symposium on ancient Salamis. During the three-day event some 60 scholars from many countries presented their current research on this important and spectacular archaeological site on the east coast of the island of Cyprus. Two generations of scholars met in Nicosia during the conference: an older one, whose relationship with ancient Salamis can be characterized as very direct, since many representatives of that generation had actively participated in the extremely productive excavations at that...
The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age
The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age is a wide-ranging survey of a crucial period in prehistory during which many social, economic, and technological changes took place. Written by expert specialists in the field, the book provides coverage both of the themes that characterize the period, and of the specific developments that took place in the various countries of Europe. After an introduction and a discussion of chronology, successive chapters deal with settlement studies, burial analysis, hoards and hoarding, monumentality, rock art, cosmology, gender, and trade, as well as a series of articles on specific technologies and crafts (such as transport, metals, glass, salt, textiles, and weighing). The second half of the book covers each country in turn. From Ireland to Russia, Scandinavia to Sicily, every area is considered, and up to date information on important recent finds is discussed in detail. The book is the first to consider the whole of the European Bronze Age in both geographical and thematic terms, and will be the standard book on the subject for the foreseeable future.
Celtic from the West 3
The Celtic languages and groups called Keltoi (i.e. ‘Celts’) emerge into our written records at the pre-Roman Iron Age. The impetus for this book is to explore from the perspectives of three disciplines—archaeology, genetics, and linguistics—the background in later European prehistory to these developments. There is a traditional scenario, according to which, Celtic speech and the associated group identity came in to being during the Early Iron Age in the north Alpine zone and then rapidly spread across central and western Europe. This idea of ‘Celtogenesis’ remains deeply entrenched in scholarly and popular thought. But it has become increasingly difficult to reconcile with recent discoveries pointing towards origins in the deeper past. It should no longer be taken for granted that Atlantic Europe during the 2nd and 3rd millennia BC were pre-Celtic or even pre-Indo-European. The explorations in Celtic from the West 3 are drawn together in this spirit, continuing two earlier volumes in the influential series.
Beyond Stonehenge
Celebrating Colin Burgess 65th birthday and more than 45 years studying the Bronze Age, thirty-six contributors, friends, colleagues, former students and members of the Bronze Age Studies Group have come together to provide their latest thoughts on the Bronze Age in Europe. Topics range from the rock art of Northumberland to the nuraghe of Sardinia, from mining in Wales to cross-Channel trade links and from the Cave of Covsea to that at Heathery Burn. Artefact studies include, re-assessments of Scottish Ceramics, Swords from the European Lowlands and from Scotland, hair rings in France, Gold from Iberia, a woodworkers toolkit from Ireland and the first analysis of the most recent bronze and gold hoard discovered in northern England. Wider topics are also considered including the dating of the Bronze Age in Britain in light of the latest European discoveries.
Symbols and Warriors
In Bronze Age Europe a lifestyle emerged, expressed in stone images, that exalted men. In this work, images from over 100 engraved stelai are used to show how Mediterranean and European elements fused into a common social code, becoming a dominant warrior ideology, spreading amid the Bronze Age societies.
Beyond the Homeland
Despite the flurry of research on aspects of Phoenician culture, encompassing their socio-economic developments and the mechanics of their settlement of Mediterranean coastal lands, the fundamental issue of dating Phoenician achievements remains quite fluid. A range of criteria - textual sources, artefact analysis, stratigraphic data, and, increasingly, radiocarbon readings - provide a bewildering and sometimes conflicting picture of Phoenician chronology, which, in many respects, remains tenuous and free-floating. Owing to the nature of Phoenician colonisation, its chronology is often compartmentalised into discrete regional units. This volume brings together a number of essays focusing squ...
Sir John Evans 1823-1908
The figure of Sir John Evans might stand as an exemplar for so many aspects of Victorian virtue. From beginnings as a clerk in the paper industry, he rose by hard work and astute judgement (not to mention advantageous marriage) to the peak of his profession. He became a phenomenon amongst the learned societies, holding office in the Royal Society, Numismatic Society, Society of Antiquaries, Geological Society and others. A thrice-married family man, he enjoyed a wide friendship, drawn mostly from the scholarly and scientific community and characterised as the 'Darwinist community'; with a strong sense of purpose they sought ways to extend the principles of natural selection to numismatic and...
