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The Perfectibility of Human Nature in Eastern and Western Thought
How perfectible is human nature as understood in Eastern and Western philosophy, psychology, and religion? Harold Coward examines some of the very different answers to this question. He poses that in Western thought, including philosophy, psychology, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, human nature is often understood as finite, flawed, and not perfectible—in religion requiring God's grace and the afterlife to reach the goal. By contrast, Eastern thought arising in India frequently sees human nature to be perfectible and presumes that we will be reborn until we realize the goal—the various yoga psychologies, philosophies, and religions of Hinduism and Buddhism being the paths by which one may perfect oneself and realize release from rebirth. Coward uses the striking differences in the assessment of how perfectible human nature is as the comparative focus for this book.
Shari’a
A survey and analysis of what Shari’a, or Islamic law, means for Muslims today.
Vicegerency in Islamic Thought and Scripture
This book explores the reasons for the creation of humanity on Earth from the perspective of ancient and contemporary Muslim thinkers, aiming to lay the outlines of a Qurʾanic theory of human existential function. The author proceeds from the assumption that, until now, contemporary Islamic scholarship has suffered from the absence of theorisation about a Qurʾanic conception of human existential function (vicegerency), lacking a unified philosophical and epistemological frame of reference. Challenging common perceptions among contemporary Muslim reformists regarding the human existential function, the author examines both classical and contemporary thought as well as conducting a thorough ...
Ibn Taymiyya on Reason and Revelation
In Ibn Taymiyya on Reason and Revelation, Carl Sharif El-Tobgui offers the first comprehensive study of Ibn Taymiyya’s ten-volume magnum opus, Darʾ taʿāruḍ al-ʿaql wa-l-naql (Refutation of the conflict of reason and revelation). In his colossal riposte to the Muslim philosophers and rationalist theologians, the towering Ḥanbalī polymath rejects the call to prioritize reason over revelation in cases of alleged conflict, interrogating instead the very conception of rationality that classical Muslims had inherited from the Greeks. In its place, he endeavors to articulate a reconstituted “pure reason” that is both truly universal and in full harmony with authentic revelation. Based on a line-by-line reading of the entire Darʾ taʿāruḍ, El-Tobgui’s study carefully elucidates the “philosophy of Ibn Taymiyya” as it emerges from the multifaceted ontological, epistemological, and linguistic reforms that Ibn Taymiyya carries out in this pivotal work.
Islamic Law and Muslim Same-Sex Unions
This book is written with the objective of reasonably addressing the need of Muslim gays and lesbians for a life which involves intimacy, affection and companionship within the confines of a legal contract. Contemporary conservative Muslim leaders unreasonably promote false marriages with straight spouses, failing which they prescribe the “solution” of permanent celibacy as a “test.” This book delves into an extensive scholarship on the same sources that conservative Muslim leaders draw on—the Qur’an, Hadith and jurisprudence. It is argued that the primary sources of Muslim knowledge addressed sexual acts between the same gender in the context of inhospitality, exploitation, coercion and disease, but not true same-sex unions; past Muslim scholarship is silent on the issue of sexual orientation and Muslim same-sex unions. The arguments of contemporary conservative Muslim leaders are deconstructed and the case for Muslim same-sex unions is made based on jurisprudential principles and thorough arguments from within the Muslim tradition.
Religious Education
The authors of this volume examine theory and practice regarding past and present roles of Jewish, Christian and Islamic religious education in nurturing tolerance, interpreted as mutual respect for and recognition of other groups, in Eastern (Albania, Bulgaria, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro and Romania) and Western (Finland, Germany, Italy, Latvia and Spain) Europe, Israel, Nigeria and Uzbekistan. They also explore potential roles of religion and exclusivism in fostering (Islamic state, NGOs, etc.), but also averting (Islamic legal theory, authority, Sufism, etc.) radicalization, and of secular states in allowing, but also banning minority religious education in public schools.With...
Sacred Sustainability, Polyhedral Christianity and Cosmic Challenges
This book explores the concept of Polyhedral Christianity that has the capacity to embrace the inter/multicultural-religious complexities of our contemporary world, taking inspiration from Pope Francis’ use of the image of a polyhedron. The author suggests that Polyhedral Christianity calls for an Enspirited Leadership. This spirit-driven leadership is grounded in creational pneumatology and cosmicism to promote resilient religiocultural communities that enjoy a more relational harmony of all life-forms on Earth, conscious of an interdependent interconnected oneness in the sacred web of life in the cosmos/creation. The chapters engage with indigenous notions of sacred sustainability from the primal as well as the Buddhist, Hindu, and Islamic religious traditions. This innovative corpus will be of particular interest to the scholars of theology, teología del pueblo, World Christianity, and interreligious relations.
Seʹâdet-i Ebediyye
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Mahjubah
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Fasting and Feasting in Morocco
Fasting during Ramadan is one of the 'five pillars' or religious duties that Muslims must perform and is for many the most important role for women in Islamic practice, revealing the strategies women employ to earn religious merit. Rather than downplaying the role of women in religious practice within dominant Islam, this work shows that female pious acts are essential to the carrying out of religious doctrine and no less important than the special prayers said by men in the mosques.
