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This volume takes a fresh and innovative approach to the history of ideas of work, concerning perceptions, attitudes, cultures and representations of work throughout Antiquity and the medieval and early modern periods. Focusing on developments in Europe, the contributors approach the subject from a variety of angles, considering aspects of work as described in literature, visual culture, and as perceived in economic theory. As well as external views of workers the volume also looks at the meaning of work for the self-perception of various social groups, including labourers, artisans, merchants, and noblemen, and the effects of this on their self-esteem and social identity. Taking a broad chronological approach to the subject provides readers with a cutting-edge overview of research into the varying attitudes to work and its place in pre-industrial society.
A follow-up publication to the Handbook of Medieval Studies, this new reference work turns to a different focus: medieval culture. Medieval research has grown tremendously in depth and breadth over the last decades. Particularly our understanding of medieval culture, of the basic living conditions, and the specific value system prevalent at that time has considerably expanded, to a point where we are in danger of no longer seeing the proverbial forest for the trees. The present, innovative handbook offers compact articles on essential topics, ideals, specific knowledge, and concepts defining the medieval world as comprehensively as possible. The topics covered in this new handbook pertain to issues such as love and marriage, belief in God, hell, and the devil, education, lordship and servitude, Christianity versus Judaism and Islam, health, medicine, the rural world, the rise of the urban class, travel, roads and bridges, entertainment, games, and sport activities, numbers, measuring, the education system, the papacy, saints, the senses, death, and money.
A unique, comparative presentation of a region that is often considered "forgotten," this handbook provides a variety of expertly informed perspectives on life and society in medieval Central Europe and its dynamic interactions across the continent.
A collection of essays describing the historical connection between nature and society.
Two principal ways of relating people to nature, namely both environmental determinism and 'man's role in charging the face of the earth', have deep roots in the practice of history, geography, anthropology, archaeology, economics, engineering, technology, and agronomy on both sides of the Atlantic. And yet, medieval and environmental scholars have heard little from one another. This volume aims to present the wide variety of methods and approaches (historical, archaeological, and natural scientific) now available to researchers studying the relationship between people and nature throughout history. The book first presents broader frameworks of understanding in this field. The second section contains works representing individual examples of methods and analytical case studies. The emphasis is on the Middle Ages, however, case studies range from the Neolithic to the present day. A speciality of the book is that it also focuses on Central and Eastern Europe, a hitherto neglected region in environmental history.
A collection of papers on Medieval Cistercian history presented at conferences that took place at Western Michigan University in 1983 and 1984.
The 19 papers of this collection were first presented at the 1999 History and Images Congress held at the U. of Copenhagen in Denmark. As reflected in the subtitle, the international group of historians and art historians provide essays that reflect new approaches to the reading of images, with the papers divided into the main topics of images and history, image databases and history, and images as source material.