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Sustainable Logistics Systems Using AI-based Meta-Heuristics Approaches
This book introduces and analyses recent trends and studies of sustainable logistics systems using AI-based meta-heuristics approaches, including AI-based meta-heuristics applied to supply chain network models, integrated multi-criteria decision-making approaches for green supply chain management, uncertain supply chain models etc. It emphasizes both theory and practice, providing methodological and theoretical basis as well as case references for sustainable logistics systems using AI based meta-heuristics. Most of multi-national enterprises today face the challenge of sustainable development for their logistics systems trying to meet or exceed customer expectations. Sustainable development...
Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354-1804
Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule, 1354-1804 provides an over-all picture of the least studied and most obscured part of Balkan history, the Ottoman period. The book begins with the early history of the Ottomans and with their establishment in Europe, describing the basic Muslim and Turkish features of the Ottoman state. The author goes on in subsequent sections to show how these features influenced every aspect of life in the European lands administered directly by the Ottomans (the "core" provinces) and left a permanent mark on states that were vassals of or paid tribute to the empire. Whether dealing with the "core" provinces of Rumelia or with the vassal and tribute-paying states (M...
The Ottomans and Eastern Europe
In the seventeenth century, previously peaceful relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth deteriorated into a series of military confrontations over the principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. Although scholars have generally interpreted this rivalry in terms of conflicting geopolitical interests, this state-centred approach ignores one of the most important developments of the period: the devolution of power away from rulers and formal institutions towards political factions. Drawing on Ottoman, Polish and Romanian sources, The Ottomans and Eastern Europe explores the complex interplay between regional politics and the rise of factionalism, focusing on cr...
Ottoman Law of War and Peace
Making use of legal and historical sources, Viorel Panaite analyzes the status of tribute-payers from the north of the Danube with reference to Ottoman law of peace and war. He deals with the impact of Ottoman holy war and the way conquest in Southeast Europe took place; the role of temporary covenants, imperial diplomas and customary norms in outlining the rights and duties of the tributary princes; the power relations between the Ottoman Empire and the tributary-protected principalities of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania. He also focuses on the legal and political methods applied to extend the pax ottomanica system in the area, rather than on the elements that set these territories apart from the rest of the Ottoman Empire.
Cetătuia Monastery
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The Ottoman Law of War and Peace
This work addresses the Islamic notion of Holy War and its interpretation and application by the Ottoman Empire against Roman Principalities in the 15th to 18th centuries. Inextricably connected to Islamic law, the objectives of Islam's Holy War are starkly distunguished from those of mere war with the sword, where military actions are determined by political interests and economic gain.
