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The United Nations System
This volume introduces the United Nations by considering its purposes, as stated in Article 1 of its Charter. It provides a concise history of this institution, and describes its structure, concentrating on its Funds and Programmes, Specialized Agencies, and Regional Commissions. It then splits the work into two different major sections, on the basis of topic and geographical region. The former includes the following: development, education, environment, food and agriculture, and peace and security, while the latter comprises Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania. These are followed by reflective comments and concluding remarks.
The Free Movement of Capital and Financial Services
This book investigates in depth the compliance of the financial services legislation of Estonia and Poland with the free movement of capital provisions of European Union law. A sample of the financial services legislation from each of three further European Union Member States is assessed for compliance with these rules, in the light of the conclusions drawn from the comprehensive studies. General comments and recommendations are made in respect of the free movement of capital and of services. Implications for the financial services sector are drawn from the research.
Research Handbook on International Financial Crime
A significant proportion of serious crime is economically motivated. Almost all financial crimes will be either motivated by greed, or the desire to cover up misconduct. This Handbook addresses financial crimes such as fraud, corruption and money laundering, and highlights both the risks presented by these crimes, as well as their impact on the economy. The contributors cover the practical issues on the topic on a transnational level, both in terms of the crimes and the steps taken to control them. They place an emphasis on the prevention, disruption and control of financial crime. They discuss, in eight parts, the nature and characteristics of economic and financial crime, The enterprise of crime, business crime, the financial sector at risk, fraud, corruption, The proceeds of financial and economic crime, and enforcement and control. Academics interested in criminology, law, as well as business and legal studies students will find this book to be an invaluable resource. Practitioners, including lawyers, compliance and risk managements, law enforcement officers, and policy makers will also find the points raised to be of use.
Preferential Trade Agreements and International Law
The multilateral trade agreements in the Annexes to the Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization provide a comprehensive structure for international trade. Why would trading partners in different countries feel the need to go outside this framework in order to set up preferential trade arrangements? This book considers the structure of the World Trade Organization’s agreements and the types of preferential trade arrangements, and deliberates the value of the latter in the light of the operation of the former. Preferential Trade Agreements and International Law offers a comprehensive examination of preferential trade agreements and considers the features of specific regional and bilateral trade agreements without drawing upon systematic features and trends. It shows the latest state of knowledge on the topic and will be of value to researchers, academics, policymakers, and students interested in international trade and economic law.
The Financial Crisis and White Collar Crime - Legislative and Policy Responses
This book offers a commentary on the responses to white collar crime since the financial crisis. The book brings together experts from academia and practice to analyse the legal and policy responses that have been put in place following the 2008 financial crisis. The book looks at a range of topics including: the low priority and resources allocated to fraud; EU regulatory efforts to fight financial crime; protecting whistleblowers in the financial industry; the criminality of the rogue trader; the evolution of financial crime in cryptocurrencies; and the levying of financial penalties against banks and corporations by the US Department of Justice and Securities and Exchange Commission.
Countering Economic Crime
Economic crime is a significant feature of the UK’s economic landscape and yet despite the government’s bold mission statements ‘to hold those suspected of financial wrongdoing to account’ as part of their ‘day of reckoning’ and ‘serious about white-collar crime’ agenda, there is a sense that this is still not being done effectively. This book examines the history of the creation of the UK’s anti-economic crime institutions and accompanying legislation, providing a critique of their effectiveness. The book analyses whether the recent regulatory regime is fit for purpose as well as being appropriate for the future. In order to explore how the UK’s economic crime strategies could be improved the book takes a comparative approach analysing policy and legislative responses to economic crime in the United States and Australia in order to determine whether the UK could or should import similar structures or laws to improve the enforcement of UK economic crime.
Microstructures and Structural Defects in High-temperature Superconductors
This book provides an extensive introduction to the microstructures and structural defects in high-temperature superconductors in a consistent manner. It illustrates the application of modern experimental techniques as well as theoretical modeling tools in the study of these complex materials. The book also gives the reader an overview of the efforts involved in developing large-scale (high-current, high-field) applications for high-T(c) superconductors.
Essays on International Law
This book contains ten writings on different aspects of international law, each of them cross-referenced, in instances in which information in one is relevant to points made in another. The first essay considers the character of the subject, and its relation to other entities of relevance to it, such as its compatibility with national law and its relation to maritime law. The second one considers different types of legal instruments in settings of international law, and explains how to read a multilateral convention, using the Convention for the International Sale of Goods as an example. The third part discusses the characteristics of a state and the concept of recognition, the fourth review...
Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals Punctually
This book defines ‘sustainable development’, setting out the launch of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from their inception in January 2011 to their operationalization in September 2015. It maps the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and their targets to the SDGs and their respective targets. Nine SDGs are classified on the basis of the mapping exercise as proceeding from the MDGs, and eight as new Goals. One of the nine SDGs (SDG 1) is the subject of a ‘Continuation Microstudy’, the structure for which is also used for the ‘Continuation Macrostudy’ that assesses the others from this group for punctual achievement. One of the eight new Goals (SDG 10) is the subject of a ‘New Ground Microstudy’, the structure for which is condensed into a ‘New Ground Macrostudy’ that evaluates the other new Goals for punctual accomplishment. The book will be useful to students of development finance and economics, policy-makers in the area of sustainable development, and members of the public who are interested in the world around us and in sustainable development, in particular.
The Impact of Legislation and Regulation on the Freedom of Movement of Capital in Estonia, Poland and Latvia
One of the fundamental freedoms of the European Union’s Internal Market is the free movement of capital. National barriers to the cross-border movement of capital and payments are prohibited, not only between Member States of the Union, but also between these States and third countries. The book investigates to what extent Estonia, Poland and Latvia have implemented laws that comply with this principle. It compares and contrasts the similarities and differences between these three Member States in how their legislation and regulations affect such free movement. The research investigates whether there is an association between the national legal restrictions to the free movement of capital and cross-border capital flows to and from Estonia, Poland and Latvia. It reports the views of executives in the business sectors most affected by these restrictions as to the importance of the free movement of capital to their companies, as to whether the European Union’s regulatory framework supports the free movement of services and the freedom of establishment, and as to whether the national law limits these freedoms.
