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This edited book provides a comprehensive overview of the past, present and future climate development in Poland. The book consists of three main parts. The first part presents the results of the study of climate change before instrumental measurements in Poland in the last millennium. The second part analyses the long-term changes and variability of 36 climate characteristics for 14 climate elements, indices, meteorological phenomena and weather types using data from 79 weather stations in the base period 1951–2018 and for long series up to 239 years (1780–2018). The particular attention is paid to climate extremes. The third part of the book deals with projected changes in temperature, precipitation and thermal indices related to the agriculture and energy sectors. Two future time horizons are carried out: 1) near future: 2021–2050 and 2) far future: 2071–2100. The results for Poland are compared to those from Europe and other parts of the world. The book is addressed to scientists (climatologists, geographers, etc.), academic teachers, students, journalists and all those interested in Poland and climate change in Poland.
Reconstruction of the climate variability of the past 500 years is a topic of great scientific interest not only in global terms, but also at regional and local levels. This period is interesting on account of the increasing influence of anthropogenic forcing and its overlap with natural factors. The Polish Climate in the European Context: An Historical Overview summarises the results of research into climate variability based on a combination of instrumental, documentary, dendrochronological and borehole data from Poland. The first part of the book provides a Central European perspective of research in these fields, which forms the general background for a presentation of the state of the a...
This book explores the contemporary dynamics of European football’s political economy, mapping the various market and regulatory forces that shape its current position and development. Offering a conceptual framework for understanding political economy as applied to the study of football, this book presents in-depth case studies from Central and Eastern Europe – a region largely underexplored in the research literature – that enable the reader to gain a sense of the rich history and diversity of the economic and social contexts in which European football is shaped. The first part of this book sets out the market structure of football in Europe and considers how key trends of globalisat...
Poland in the 1980s was filled with shuttered restaurants and shops that bore such imaginative names as “bread,” “shoes,” and “milk products,” from which lines could stretch for days on the mere rumor there was something worth buying. But you’d be hard-pressed to recognize the same squares—buzzing with bars and cafés—today. In the years since the collapse of communism, Poland’s GDP has almost tripled, making it the eighth-largest economy in the European Union, with a wealth of well-educated and highly skilled workers and a buoyant private sector that competes in international markets. Many consider it one of the only European countries to have truly weathered the financi...
Selected papers from the Specialist Seminar of the Adelaide International Teletraffic Congress are presented in this book. Together they give an excellent sample of the work being done around the world to define and meet the new challenges in Teletraffic theory and practice. Although many questions are answered here, the papers pose many more problems which are still to be solved. Many papers present methods for solving problems that will remain difficult even as computing speed increases exponentially. The methods used include heuristic and AI approaches, approximations, simplifications, new approaches to numerical analysis and simulation, and some new techniques borrowed from other disciplines. While some problems are hard to solve because of complexity, others are difficult because of uncertainty. Some forms of uncertainty may be quantified and dealt with by using probability theory - many examples may be found in this volume. Further papers show that stationary stochastic processes are now being challenged as other models are also tried.
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New results in the area of production management and information systems for the Factory of the Future are presented in this volume. The fifty-seven papers are by manufacturing, computing and production management professionals from academia, industry and government. The first three chapters examine scheduling methods and applications in flexible manufacturing systems, as well as heuristic algorithms for flow shop scheduling and loading. Chapter 4 deals with simulation in production management, while Chapters 5, 6 and 7 discuss planning and control problems in management systems. Chapters 8 and 9 involve modelling and manufacturing control. Chapter 10 is devoted to group technology and process planning. Expert systems, a new tool in production management, is the topic of Chapter 11, and the last chapter discusses productivity and human factor issues in manufacturing systems.
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