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Thomas D. Rogers’s history of a modernizing Brazil tracks what happened when a key government program,created in the 1970s by the nation’s military regime, aspired to harness energy produced by sugarcane agriculture to power the country’s economy. The National Alcohol Program, known as Proálcool, was a deliberate economic strategy designed to incentivize ethanol production and reduce gasoline consumption. As Brazil’s capacity grew and as international oil shocks continued, the regime’s planners doubled down on Proálcool. Drawing financing from international lenders and curiosity from other oil-dependent countries, for a time it was the world’s largest oil-substitution and renew...
Minnesota’s Twin Cities have long been powerful engines of change. From their origins in the early nineteenth century, the Twin Cities helped drive the dispossession of the region’s Native American peoples, turned their riverfronts into bustling industrial and commercial centers, spread streets and homes outward to the horizon, and reached well beyond their urban confines, setting in motion the environmental transformation of distant hinterlands. As these processes unfolded, residents inscribed their culture into the landscape, complete with all its tensions, disagreements, contradictions, prejudices, and social inequalities. These stories lie at the heart of Nature’s Crossroads. The book features an interdisciplinary team of distinguished scholars who aim to open new conversations about the environmental history of the Twin Cities and Greater Minnesota.
Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- PREFACE -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- ONE: Ecological History of the Lake Superior Basin -- TWO: Industrializing the Forests, 1870s to 1930s -- THREE: The Postwar Pollution Boom -- FOUR: Taconite and the Fight over Reserve Mining Company -- FIVE: Mining Pollution Debates, 1950s Through the 1970s -- SIX: Mining, Toxics, and Environmental Justice for the Anishinaabe -- SEVEN: The Mysteries of Toxaphene and Toxic Fish -- EIGHT: The Great Lakes Water Quality Agreements -- NINE: Climate Change, Contaminants, and the Future of Lake Superior -- NOTES -- INDEX -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z
Though ethanol, a liquid fuel made from agricultural byproducts, has generated controversy in recent years--good or bad for the environment? a big-ag boon or boondoggle?--its use goes back more than a century. Tracing the little-known history of this promising and contentious fuel, Ethanol: A Hemispheric History for the Future of Biofuels reveals the transnational nature of ethanol's development by its two biggest producers, the U.S. and Brazil. By drawing the connections between the shifting fortunes of ethanol in these two countries, the book presents the first full picture of the long history of this renewable fuel that from the beginning offered an imperfect alternative to oil. Though ge...
First published in 2010. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Directory of the government structure of the United States of America. A special feature of this premium publication is the Source of Information section that lists addresses and telephone numbers for each agency identifying contacts for employment, Government contracts, publications, films, and other services available to the public.