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Macro-Structural Obstacles to Firm Performance: Evidence from 2,640 Firms in Nigeria
A recent World Bank enterprise survey identified access to finance as the top constraint to Doing Business in Nigeria. In this context, the objective of this paper is two-fold: (i) study firm characteristics associated with more access to finance and export diversification; and (ii) quantify the impact of these structural obstacles on firm performance. Results suggest that (i) larger and export-oriented firms are about 40 percentage points less likely to report access to finance as a business obstacle, while firms perceiving access to finance as a constraint are, on average, about 10-40 percentage points less likely to be export-oriented diversified firms; and (ii) better access to finance and export diversification can help firm employment —as much as 80 percent higher— and capacity utilization. Results are largely robust to different specifications and estimation methods.
Industrial Policy in the UK
A key challenge facing the UK is to increase growth, which has slowed down markedly since the Global Financial Crisis. As part of the government’s approach to this challenge, a new industrial strategy was published in June 2025. This paper discusses how to get the implementation of UK Industrial Policy (IP) right, to unlock its potential benefits while navigating the risks involved. IP has some potential to catalyze new investment and economic activity in key sectors, but the bar for getting it right is high. IP will only enhance productivity if well-targeted at overcoming market failures and the scale of IP is not too large, so as to mitigate potential distortions that it might introduce....
Regional Economic Outlook, October 2021, Sub-Saharan Africa
O mundo continua a braços com a pandemia de Covid-19 e a aparente aceleração do ritmo das alterações climáticas, o que sublinha a necessidade de reforçar a cooperação e o diálogo a nível mundial. As soluções para estes problemas globais têm de envolver todos os países e todas as regiões, em especial a África Subsariana, que tem a menor percentagem de população vacinada do mundo, o potencial mais promissor em matéria de energias renováveis e ecossistemas críticos. A economia da África Subsariana deverá crescer 3,7% em 2021 e 3,8% em 2022. Após a forte contração registada em 2020 esta retoma é muito bem-vinda, mas continua a representar a recuperação mais lenta fa...
Regional Economic Outlook, April 2018, Sub-Saharan Africa
The region is seeing a modest growth uptick, but this is not uniform and the medium-term outlook remains subdued. Growth is projected to rise to 3.4 percent in 2018, from 2.8 percent in 2017, on the back of improved global growth, higher commodity prices, and continued strong public spending. About 3⁄4 of the countries in the region are predicted to experience faster growth. Beyond 2018, growth is expected to plateau below 4 percent, modestly above population growth, reflecting continued sluggishness in the oil-exporting countries and sustained growth in non-resource-intensive countries. A number of countries (Burundi, DRC, South Sudan, and parts of the Sahel) remain locked in internal conflict resulting in record levels of refugees and Internally Displaced Persons, with adverse spillovers to neighboring countries.
World Economic Outlook, October 2024
The latest World Economic Outlook reports stable but underwhelming global growth, with the balance of risks tilted to the downside. As monetary policy is eased amid continued disinflation, shifting gears is needed to ensure that fiscal policy is on a sustainable path and to rebuild fiscal buffers. Understanding the role of monetary policy in recent global disinflation, and the factors that influence the social acceptability of structural reforms, will be key to promoting stable and more rapid growth in the future.
Private Finance for Development
The Covid-19 pandemic has aggravated the tension between large development needs in infrastructure and scarce public resources. To alleviate this tension and promote a strong and job-rich recovery from the crisis, Africa needs to mobilize more financing from and to the private sector.
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