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Indonesia has the second largest expanse of tropical moist forests in the world: about 78 per cent of its land mass is classified as forest land. These forests are important to Indonesia for their economic and social significance and to the global community for their biodiversity and as a carbon sink. The main pressures on the forests come from logging, degradation from forest concessions and plantations, rural consumption, and forest fires. This case study is one of six evaluations of the implementation of the World Bank's 1991 Forest Strategy.
This report assesses progress since the World Bank first issued its comprehensive Forest Strategy in 1991. It finds that the effectiveness of the strategy has been modest, and the sustainability of its impact is uncertain. The Report identifies seven factors that would make the World Bank forest strategy more pertinent to current circumstances as well as strengthening its ability to achieve its strategic objectives in the forest sector. It recommends that the World Bank use its global reach to address mechanisms for mobilisation of concessional international resources outside its normal lending activities. It also advises the World Bank to be proactive in establishing partnerships with all r...
Development is about fundamental change in economic structures, about the movement of resources out of agriculture to services and industry, about migration to cities and international movement of labor, and about transformation in trade and technology. Social inclusion and change-change in health and life expectancy, in education and literacy, in population size and structure, and in gender relations-are at the heart of the story. The policy challenge is to help release and guide these forces of change and inclusion. But how can policymakers assess whether what they have done, or what they are doing, is right? Since the 1970s public economics has placed the serious analysis of growth at the center of its agenda. It has shown how to integrate growth and distribution - in simple terms, the size of the cake, and the distribution of the cake-rigorously into the discussion of public policy, both theoretically and empirically.
This book assesses the prospects for achieving the sustainable development goals, and the role of international organizations in achieving them, in light of recent economic, medical, and environmental developments.