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Environment and Development Conundrum
Contributed papers.
Smog Check
When federal and state governments battle over environmental regulations, whose approach should prevail? Shortly after passage of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, a controversial U.S. EPA mandate led to an intense conflict between federal regulators and California politicians. The disagreement pitted EPA's required overhaul of auto inspections against California's desire to self-govern its test program - popularly called 'Smog Check.' The conflict nearly upended the Clean Air Act, and triggered dramatic policy shifts throughout the United States. Smog Check presents these struggles in first-hand detail. Eisinger, an EPA official at the time of this conflict, probes deeply into the issues a...
Standards and Thresholds for Impact Assessment
Standards and Thresholds play an important role in many stages of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process. They can be legally-binding or guidance values and are linked to environmental data. This publication provides a comprehensive collection of standards and thresholds, their derivation and application in case studies of EIA projects. The first part introduces the nature of standards and thresholds and key drivers for their determination. The book then describes, in Part II, technical standards from the perspective of EIA projects. Part III addresses the issue from the other side, environment and human health, and discusses the assessment of impacts on the sensitivity or value of environmental and health components. Part IV sets out some emerging issues for standard and threshold with reference to new sectors and with recent instruments. The book concludes in Part V with the role of monitoring, and final implementation.
Perspectives on Environmental Impact Assessment
The experience of highly industrialized countries demonstrates that single-minded pursuit of economic develop ment is self-defeating because, by disregarding the other components of what is cxmnonly called "the quality of life", it creates conditions which are not acceptable to large sectors of the population. In the recent past a number of projects, for example, major darns, have had unexpectedly deleterious social, envir onmental and health consequences. As a result, many govern ment department and agencies are investigating the impacts of specific projects and are examining the role impact analysis could play in project planning. The process of environmental impact analysis has been devel...
Environmental Impact Assessment
This comprehensive treatment of environmental impact assessment (EIA) provides an authoritative contemporary review of theory and practice over the past ten years. EIA is viewed as both science and art, reflecting the concern both with technical aspects of appraisal and the effects of EIA on the decision-making process. Adopted in many countries, with different degrees of enthusiasm, since its inception in the early 1970's, EIA is established as a major procedure for assessing the environmental implications of legislation, the implementation of policy and plans and the initiation of development projects. EIA is increasingly an essential part of environmental management
International Law and the Environment
This important book makes an original and modern contribution to the study of "international environmental law", addressing its development over three time periods: the traditional period, the modern era, and the post-modern period. Kuokkanen's thesis is this: in the traditional period there was no clear distinction between the protection of the environment and the exploitation of natural resources; during the modern period the subjects became completely separated; and in the post-modern era there has been an effort to reconcile economic interests and environmental concerns. The work challenges the reader to think about international environmental law and its development within a broader framework, and through a lens which differs from that taken elsewhere. The book presents an impressive panorama of the principal international legal developments over the past century in this area, and successfully pinpoints the tensions between environmental and economic objects over the past century. A timely and important contribution.
Protecting the Third Pole
This highly topical book considers the important question of how best to protect the environment of the Third Pole – the area comprising the Hindu Kush Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau – using the tool of international law. Following detailed analysis of the weaknesses in the current legal protections according to comparative legal theory, Simon Marsden recommends three potential options for implementation by policy and lawmakers.
Modeling the World in a Spreadsheet
Until recently, simulation modeling was regarded as the domain of powerful computers and highly skilled programmers. But that is no longer the case. Thanks to the spreadsheet, simulation modeling is now accessible to anyone with a microcomputer: students and teachers, public officials, engineers and planners, and ordinary citizens concerned about the environment. In Modeling the World in a Spreadsheet, Timothy Cartwright explains how to create models of different environmental phenomena -- ranging from natural processes such as the dispersion of water and air pollution to social processes such as housing affordability. He also describes models for some of the most exciting topics in current computer research, including artificial life, cellular decision-making, and chaos and fractals. Written for both experts and nonexpert, the book provides complete "recipes" for building and running the models in the most popular spreadsheet programs, such as Lotus 1-2-3, SuperCalc, Excel, Quatro, and others. A 3" diskette containing Lotus or SuperCalc data files for all fourteen models may be ordered using a tear-out card that accompanies the book (spreadsheet software is required).
Environmental Impact Assessment for Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities
Uses a systematic approach integrating the environmental protection, technical, economic and social issues underlying the siting process and examines their influence upon information requirements as well as the choice of appropriate methodologies of assessment. The first section places the environmental assessment process within the context of relevant regulations and the waste management system. Section two considers the need for facilities and alternative disposal and treatment options. Section three concentrates on the environmental impact study and details important issues in waste facility siting. Lastly, it highlights some key management issues.
