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Continued Learning of Tissue-specific Immunity from the Immuno-Pathological Spectrum of Leprosy
Leprosy is one of the oldest recorded debilitating diseases affecting mankind, the immunopathology of which is characterized by fluctuating granulomatous inflammation that targets mainly skin and peripheral nerve. The disease is caused by infection with Mycobacterium leprae, a slow growing obligatory intracellular and non-cultivatable organism. The disease is manifested with diverse pathology due to varied immune (both innate and adaptive) responses of the hosts as a result of cognate interaction with the organism. Of note, leprosy can be regarded as a unique model to elucidate the complexity of host immunity at both skin and systemic levels.
Phagocytosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Physiological Implications
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Hansen’s Disease
Hansen’s disease (leprosy) is endemic in more than 100 countries worldwide, with over 200,000 new diagnoses each year and more than 4 million people living with some form of HD-related impairment. The World Health Organization’s ‘Global Leprosy Strategy’ timeline for Hansen’s disease elimination indicates that it will be encountered in clinical practice in endemic countries for at least another decade. Increasing north-to-south migration, global travel and overseas medical work mean that physicians in non-endemic countries will also encounter patients with Hansen’s disease, which can affect people for many years before diagnosis and after treatment. For busy clinicians, it repres...
The Mononuclear Phagocyte System in Infectious Disease
The Mononuclear Phagocyte System (MPS) of vertebrates is composed of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. Together, they form part of the first line of immune defense against a variety of pathogens (bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses), and thus play an important role in maintaining organism homeostasis. The mode of transmission, type of replication and mechanism of disease-causing differ significantly for each pathogen, eliciting a unique immune response in the host. Within this context, the MPS acts as both the sentinel and tailor of the immune system. As sentinels, MPS cells are found in blood and within tissues throughout the body to patrol against pathogenic insult. The strate...
Fighting an Elusive Enemy: Staphylococcus aureus and its Antibiotic Resistance, Immune-Evasion and Toxic Mechanisms
Topic Editors Dr. Bagnoli and Dr. Phogat are employed by GlaxoSmithKline plc. The other Topic Editors Declare no conflict of interest in relation to the Research Topic theme
Macrophage Activation
Macrophages are the sentinels of the immune system whose role has evolved beyond providing aseptic conditions to homeostasis, immune regulation, development, and behaviour. These cells have varied ontogenetic origins which reflects in their phenotypic and functional heterogeneity. Macrophage functions are fine-tuned by exogenous and endogenous signals and once tweaked, the information is included in their genetic makeup, albeit not indefinitely. Subversion of the macrophage functions is the hallmark of many pathogenic organisms and modulation of macrophage activity is pivotal to many therapeutic strategies. Fascinating and rapid developments in this field have necessitated the maintenance of...
Cytokines and Pain
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Current Diagnosis of Infant Tuberculosis Infection
One of the most extraordinary characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is its capacity to remain within the host's tissues for a long period of time. There is an enormous reservoir of persons latently infected with tuberculosis (LTBI) estimated at about a third of the world's population. From this reservoir arise about 10 million new cases of active TB and more than two million deaths occur annually. Current Diagnosis of Infant Tuberculosis Infection covers problems concerning the diagnosis of LTBI, giving an overview of commercially available options and, unlike most reviews on.
