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The World Made Meme
How memetic media—aggregate texts that are collectively created, circulated, and transformed—become a part of public conversations that shape broader cultural debates. Internet memes—digital snippets that can make a joke, make a point, or make a connection—are now a lingua franca of online life. They are collectively created, circulated, and transformed by countless users across vast networks. Most of us have seen the cat playing the piano, Kanye interrupting, Kanye interrupting the cat playing the piano. In The World Made Meme, Ryan Milner argues that memes, and the memetic process, are shaping public conversation. It's hard to imagine a major pop cultural or political moment that d...
You Are Here
How to understand a media environment in crisis, and how to make things better by approaching information ecologically. Our media environment is in crisis. Polarization is rampant. Polluted information floods social media. Even our best efforts to help clean up can backfire, sending toxins roaring across the landscape. In You Are Here, Whitney Phillips and Ryan Milner offer strategies for navigating increasingly treacherous information flows. Using ecological metaphors, they emphasize how our individual me is entwined within a much larger we, and how everyone fits within an ever-shifting network map. Phillips and Milner describe how our poisoned media landscape came into being, beginning wit...
The Propagation of Misinformation in Social Media
There is growing awareness about how social media circulate extreme viewpoints and turn up the temperature of public debate. Posts that exhibit agitation garner disproportionate engagement. Within this clamour, fringe sources and viewpoints are mainstreaming, and mainstream media are marginalized. This book takes up the mainstreaming of the fringe and the marginalization of the mainstream. In a cross-platform analysis of Google Web Search, Facebook, YouTube, Reddit, Twitter, Instagram, 4chan and TikTok, the authors found that hyperpartisan web operators, alternative influencers and ambivalent commentators are in ascendency. The book can be read as a form of platform criticism. It puts on display the current state of information online, noting how social media platforms have taken on the mantle of accidental authorities, privileging their own on-platform performers and at the same time adjudicating between claims of what is considered acceptable discourse.
The Oxford Handbook of Screen Comedy
The Oxford Handbook of Screen Comedy offers a rich sampling of the most current research and evolving trends in a vast and growing field-the study of humor and comedy in movies, television, streaming content, social media, and other forms of mediated comedy. The thirty new essays in this volume, written by leading scholars and emerging researchers, are guideposts to where the field is now and where it is heading. By its very nature, comedy eludes definition and crosses boundaries. Trying to grab the wriggling creature and subject it to analysis presents special challenges. The contributors featured in this volume apply a range of methods to analyse case histories, interpret trends, and theor...
Fake News
New perspectives on the misinformation ecosystem that is the production and circulation of fake news. What is fake news? Is it an item on Breitbart, an article in The Onion, an outright falsehood disseminated via Russian bot, or a catchphrase used by a politician to discredit a story he doesn't like? This book examines the real fake news: the constant flow of purposefully crafted, sensational, emotionally charged, misleading or totally fabricated information that mimics the form of mainstream news. Rather than viewing fake news through a single lens, the book maps the various kinds of misinformation through several different disciplinary perspectives, taking into account the overlapping cont...
The Propagandists' Playbook
An examination of what algorithmic polarization means for society and how conservative elites use media literacy tactics to spread propaganda The Propagandists' Playbook peels back the layers of the right-wing media manipulation machine to reveal why its strategies are so effective and pervasive, while also humanizing the people whose worldviews and media practices conservatism embodies. Based on interviews and ethnographic observations of two Republican groups over the course of the 2018 Virginia gubernatorial race—including the author's firsthand experience of the 2017 Unite the Right rally—the book considers how Google algorithms, YouTube playlists, pundits, and politicians can manipu...
The Routledge Companion to Remix Studies
The Routledge Companion to Remix Studies, 2nd Edition comprises contemporary texts by key authors and artists who are active in the interdisciplinary field of remix studies. As an organic international movement, remix culture originated in the popular music culture of the 1970s, and has since grown into a rich cultural activity encompassing numerous forms of media. The act of recombining pre-existing material continues to bring up pressing questions of authenticity, reception, authorship, copyright, and the techno-politics of media activism, especially with the emergence of artificial intelligence, which relies on remix methods and principles for content production. This book approaches remi...
The Ambivalent Internet
This book explores the weird and mean and in-between that characterize everyday expression online, from absurdist photoshops to antagonistic Twitter hashtags to deceptive identity play. Whitney Phillips and Ryan M. Milner focus especially on the ambivalence of this expression: the fact that it is too unwieldy, too variable across cases, to be essentialized as old or new, vernacular or institutional, generative or destructive. Online expression is, instead, all of the above. This ambivalence, the authors argue, hinges on available digital tools. That said, there is nothing unexpected or surprising about even the strangest online behavior. Ours is a brave new world, and there is nothing new under the sun – a point necessary to understanding not just that online spaces are rife with oddity, mischief, and antagonism, but why these behaviors matter. The Ambivalent Internet is essential reading for students and scholars of digital media and related fields across the humanities, as well as anyone interested in mediated culture and expression.
Micro Media Industries
Micro Media Industries explores the media of Hmong Americans, showing how an extremely small population can maintain a robust and thriving media ecology in spite of resource limitations and an inability to scale up. It argues that micro media industries provide models of media innovation that can counter the increasing power of mainstream media.
Exploring Anthropology through Folklore and Mythology
Exploring Anthropology through Folklore and Mythology is a comprehensive textbook which examines how people around the world express themselves culturally, and how these practices provide a window into the diversity of human culture. Using a genre-based approach, this book takes a globalized perspective and promotes intercultural exchange and understanding. It presents students with in- depth examples of a wide range of traditions as well as an understanding of how such traditions are studied. In explicating key concepts and applying these to specific practices and performances, we introduce students to the fundamentals in the study of human culture and creativity. Topics include mythology, folktales, legends, dance, music, trance states, magic, the spirit world, internet folklore, festivals, street art, subcultural style, rituals, celebrations, and body art and tattoo traditions. Exploring Anthropology through Folklore and Mythology offers a fascinating display of global cultural diversity and is an essential textbook for students making their first steps into the fields of folklore, mythology, anthropology, and cultural studies.
