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Rethinking Arab Democratization unpacks and historicizes the rise of Arab electoralism, narrating the story of stalled democratic transition in the Arab Middle East. It provides a balance sheet of the state of Arab democratization from the mid-1970s into the 21st century. In seeking to answer the question of how Arab countries democratize and whether they are democratizing at all, the book pays attention to specificity, highlighting the peculiarities of democratic transitions in the Arab Middle East. To this end, it situates the discussion of such transitions firmly within their local contexts, but without losing sight of the global picture, namely, the US drive to control and 'democratize' ...
In this lecture Dr. Walid Moubarak argues that Lebanon’s stability and continuity as a viable state does not solely depend upon action taken by the Lebanese people, but to a large extent on the balance of power in the external Middle East environment, as well as on the interests other powers have in the preservation of this balance. He showed how external factors can shape domestic politics in a weak state and how, in the case of Lebanon, this weakness has become an integral part of its political structure. The presence of Palestinian refugees, the ongoing conflict between Israel and Syria, which plays itself out in southern Lebanon through the actions of Hizbullah, the alliance of the various major groups in Lebanon with outside powers with their own interests, and Lebanon’s precarious geo-political situation, all ensure that there will be no solution in the near future to the instability experienced by Lebanon.
According to conventional wisdom, the national identity of the Jordanian state was defined by the ruling Hashemite family, which has governed the country since the 1920s. But this view overlooks the significant role that the "Arab street"—in this case, ordinary Jordanians and Palestinians—played and continues to play in defining national identity in Jordan and the Fertile Crescent as a whole. Indeed, as this pathfinding study makes clear, "the street" no less than the state has been a major actor in the process of nation building in the Middle East during and after the colonial era. In this book, Betty Anderson examines the activities of the Jordanian National Movement (JNM), a collectio...
This book introduces the politics of the modern Middle East, which includes the countries of the Persian Gulf, the eastern Mediterranean countries, and North Africa. It covers the major geographical regions that make up the Middle East, and summarizes the post-World War I history of the Middle East.
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The goods that countries produced under communism are different from those that can be efficiently produced in a free market. Some industries will collapse while others will flourish, and during this adjustment period, there are inevitable declines in output and painful layoffs. Evidence shows that a significant increase in unemployment is an unavoidable consequence of economic reform whether the government is moving rapidly or gradually.
The end of the third wave and the global future of democracy / by Larry Diamond / Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS).