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How can we explain the persistent worsening of the income distribution in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s? What are the prospects for the re-emergence of sustainable prosperity in the US economy over the next generation? Situating these questions within a wider context through historical analysis and comparisons with Germany and Japan, this book focuses on the microeconomics of corporate investment behaviour, and the macroeconomics of household saving behaviour. Specifically, the contributors analyze how the combined pressures of excessive corporate growth, international competition, and intergenerational dependence have influenced corporate investment over the past two decades. They also offer a perspective on how corporate investment in skill bases can support sustainable prosperity, with studies drawn from the machine tool, aircraft engine, and medical equipment industries.
The aim of this Handbook is to review the developments that have occurred in Technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and that may help improve the field. The Handbook provides information on TVET models that occur in different parts of the world; reflects best and innovative practice; and, wherever possible, uses case studies as examples. The 220 authors are representative of the various regions of the world and major international organisations involved in TVET. This volume presents the work of established researchers as well as the work of promising young researchers. Intended as the universally-accepted resource for the field, the Handbook provides a comprehensive coverage of cutting edge developments in research, policy and practice in TVET within a single source. It will assist those involved in TVET at any level in making informed decisions and further advance and improve the field and to bridge the gap between vocational and academic education in the 21st century.
Illustrates how a changing U.S. economy demands a revival of employer-based workforce training and suggests a new model of apprenticeship founded on the best of practices past and present, overseas and at home. Registered apprenticeship provides opportunities to "learn and earn." Research data indicates that individuals who graduate with an apprenticeship certificate have higher starting salaries than those with only a two-year degree. This book examines the rebirth of an age-old concept in the 21st century—apprenticeship. Serving as a call to action with a positive message for parents, entrepreneurs, educators, legislators, and political leaders, the book analyzes the condition of the U.S...
There is now a serious discussion taking place about the moment at which human beings will be surpassed and replaced by the machine. On the one hand we are designing machines which embed more and more human intelligence, but at the same time we are in danger of becoming more and more like machines. In these circumstances, we all need to consider: • What can we do? • What should we do? • What are the alternatives of doing it? This book is about the human-centred alternative of designing systems and technologies. This alternative is rooted in the European tradition of human-centredness which emphasises the symbiosis of human capabilities and machine capacity. The human-centred tra dition...
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In this book, we show the replacement of academic and vocational education, which is structured according to subject systems and oriented towards scientific knowledge, by vocational action knowledge. This work process knowledge is the basis for the acquisition of the design competence of vocational specialists, which is becoming increasingly important in the world of work. A modern knowledge concept based on vocational education is developed and documented. In the first part of the book the concept of vocational knowledge is developed, in the second part empirical results from COMET projects are documented, from which the vocational knowledge imparted in different occupations can be read. There has been a confusing discussion about vocational knowledge for decades. In 1991, the KMK agreed on a new concept for vocational education and training with the guiding idea of vocational design competence. It remained open on which vocational knowledge this new guiding idea should be based. Up to now there has been no original vocational pedagogical justification for the vocational knowledge on which vocational design competence is based.
This interpretative/qualitative study of the Parents as Teachers (PAT) programme is designed to provide parents with more effective child-rearing practices. It focuses on how the PAT programme operates with parents who are difficult to contact, enroll or maintain in the programme.