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Ibss: Anthropology: 1995
This bibliography lists the most important works published in anthropology in 1995. Renowned for its international coverage and rigorous selection procedures, IBSS provides researchers and librarians with the most comprehensive and scholarly bibliographic service available in the social sciences. IBSS is compiled by the British Library of Political and Economic Science at the London School of Economics, one of the world's leading social science institutions. Published annually, IBSS is available in four subject areas: anthropology, economics, political science and sociology.
Land and Freedom
The Zapatistas of Chiapas and the Landless Rural Workers' Movement (MST) of Brazil are often celebrated as shining examples in the global struggle against neoliberalism. But what have these movements achieved for their members in more than two decades of resistance and can any of these achievements realistically contribute to the rise of a viable alternative? Through a perfect balance of grassroots testimonies, participative observation and consideration of key debates in development studies, agrarian political economy, historical sociology and critical political economy, Land and Freedom compares, for the first time, the Zapatista and MST movements. Casting a spotlight on their resistance to globalizing market forces, Vergara-Camus gets to the heart of how these movements organize themselves and how territorial control, politicization and empowerment of their membership and the decommodification of social relations are key to understanding their radical development potential.
The Social History of Agriculture
This innovative text provides a compelling narrative world history through the lens of food and farmers. Tracing the history of agriculture from earliest times to the present, Christopher Isett and Stephen Millerargue that people, rather than markets, have been the primary agents of agricultural change. Exploring the actions taken by individuals and groups over time and analyzing their activities in the wider contexts of markets, states, wars, the environment, population increase, and similar factors, the authors emphasize how larger social and political forces inform decisions and lead to different technological outcomes. Both farmers and elites responded in ways that impeded economic devel...
Legal Impediments to Effective Rural Land Relations in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
"Excessive concentration of land ownership, as is feared by many transition governments, has not been a feature of land markets where they have been allowed to function relatively freely and where land has been allocated in kind to households and individuals."The World Bank has long been active in the Europe and Central Asia region in monitoring and evaluating land reform developments and supporting the development of land markets. Bank efforts to date have made a significant impact in our client countries, and studies produced by the Bank have been used as impartial references on this subject by both international organizations and the countries themselves. This report was developed as a result of these efforts. It focuses on: The principal issues faced by the transition economies of Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union The potential approaches for resolving specific problem issues.
Contesting the Household Estate
The internal dynamics of peasant households are an important factor in the adoption of modern agricultural techniques and hence in the survival and productive power of the peasantry. This anthropological study of a Brazilian peasant community shows that the "household estate," the commonly held property of a family, is contested between parents and children. While parents depend on the "estate" for their old-age subsistence, children hope to draw from it their traditional wedding gift of land which will provide them their livelihood. In many peasant households a silent struggle is waged over the "estate's" division. This leads to various types of production relations between parents and married children. Moreover, conflicting interests between generations are a point of "commoditization" of social relations, with important implications for peasant agriculture. Further, the position of the peasant movement is discussed, as well as its policy proposals for fostering peasant agriculture. Peasant agriculture could certainly expand into modern sectors of agriculture. But if these proposals are to be effective they must allow for the peasantry's system of inheritance and old-age care.
Housewives in the Field
The theme of the study is the changing power relations between women and men in a South-Brazilian village. The author did choose for a broad approach of this theme, taking into consideration a critique on the emphasis on economic variables in the few existing studies on rural women in Brazil. The book aims to provide both a monograph on the village and an analysis of how gender relations change in this context
Sowing the Whirlwind
These articles represent a multidisciplinary approach to the so-called soya boom in Southern Brazil. This crop has assumed such a dominant position in the agrarian development of the region since the early 1970s that soya has virtually become a metaphor for the profound transition which has taken place there. Old structures of production have been eliminated, with small -scale agricultural producers in particular being driven from their land. The result has been a large measure of social unrest, but at the same time many have also seized new opportunties. Of course, soya has not been the only factor in this process of development, but all the same this crop is the metaphor 'par excellence' to typify the transition. A fascinating aspect of this situation is the fact that a process of this kind is closely connected with developments in the international market in commodities, and in the national market. Without claiming to be comprehensive, this collection of articles is an attempt to throw light on the various aspects of the process of change in the agrarian structure of Southern Brazil within the wider context of international and national developments.
