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Preparing for War: The Making of the 1949 Geneva Conventions
The 1949 Geneva Conventions are the most important rules for armed conflict ever formulated. To this day they continue to shape contemporary debates about regulating warfare, but their history is often misunderstood. For most observers, the drafters behind these treaties were primarily motivated by liberal humanitarian principles and the shock of the atrocities of the Second World War. This book tells a different story, showing how the final text of the Conventions, far from being an unabashedly liberal blueprint, was the outcome of a series of political struggles among the drafters. It also concerned a great deal more than simply recognizing the shortcomings of international law revealed by...
Germany’s First World War Aviators
This book offers new methodological approaches that contextualize the lives of German First World War aviators through the iconography that created their image, the act of killing and rituals of death in aerial combat, and the collapsing perceptions of space and time created by the world’s first aerial conflict. Readers will encounter pilots and observers who endured the violent experience of flying aircraft made of wood and canvas while struggling for survival in an environment that could just as easily kill and maim through mechanical or structural failure as well as through combat. Embedded in this history are aviators who forged a new kind of warfare, overcame remarkable physical and psychological injuries, and cemented the public idea of the fighter pilot. In doing so, they established aviation as a site of memory, mourning, and meaning-making, which, in the aftermath of defeat, became a significant pillar in the rhetoric used to fuel the rise of Fascism and Nazism. This volume will appeal to advanced undergraduate and graduate students of the First World War and modern Germany, as well as to general readers interested in First World War aviation.
Framing the First World War
The character of the conflict that erupted in 1914 defied the expectations of many political leaders and military analysts. Despite the mountains of books and articles published on World War I, there has been surprisingly little systematic or comparative research on how military commanders and politicians framed and interpreted the conflict—or, indeed, on how they understood war itself—and how that understanding shaped their decision-making. Wars are fought by organizations and people who have disparate visions of the world they live in and the conflict they are fighting. In Framing the First World War, a team of leading scholars explore the gulf between imagined warfare and the realitie...
Time on a Human Scale
Time on a Human Scale offers an ambitious new assessment of how modern Europeans understood time and human experience through studies of politics, art, literature, music, and culture of Western Europe between the 1860s and 1930s.
Irish Nation Building
This book examines the early decades of economic nation building in Ireland. It draws on a large amount of previously unstudied archival material to construct a novel contribution to Irish business and economic history that focuses on government relations, business power and wider dynamics of power in a decolonising context. The book adopts a different approach to the early decades of Irish independence, decentering the typical focus on party political developments, Church-state relations and Anglo-Irish relations. Instead, the book explores the role of Irish businesses and services and their engagement with the governing elites of the time. More than just offering a general survey of Irish ...
Convoys
The first account of Britain’s convoys during the Napoleonic Wars—showing how the protection of trade played a decisive role in victory During the Napoleonic Wars thousands of merchant ships crisscrossed narrow seas and wide oceans, protected by Britain’s warships. These were wars of attrition and raw materials had to reach their shores continuously: timber and hemp from the Baltic, sulfur from Sicily, and saltpeter from Bengal. Britain’s fate rested on the strength of its economy—and convoys played a vital role in securing victory. Leading naval historian Roger Knight examines how convoys ensured the protection of trade and transport of troops, allowing Britain to take the upper hand. Detailing the many hardships these ships faced, from the shortage of seaman to the vicissitudes of the weather, Knight sheds light on the innovation and seamanship skills that made convoys such an invaluable tool in Britain’s arsenal. The convoy system laid the foundation for Britain’s narrow victory over Napoleon and his allies in 1815 and, in doing so, established its naval and mercantile power at sea for a hundred years.
Economic Warfare and the Sea
Economic Warfare and the Sea examines the relationship between trade, maritime warfare, and strategic thought between the early modern period and the late-twentieth century. Using a variety of geographic and chronological examples, it presents a longue duree approach to a crucial theme in maritime strategic thought.
Economic Warfare and the Sea
Economic Warfare and the Sea examines the relationship between trade, maritime warfare, and strategic thought between the early modern period and the late-twentieth century. Featuring contributions from renown historians and rising scholars, this volume forwards an international perspective upon the intersection of maritime history, strategy, and diplomacy. Core themes include the role of ‘economic warfare’ in maritime strategic thought, prevalence of economic competition below the threshold of open conflict, and the role non-state actors have played in the prosecution of economic warfare. Using unique material from 18 different archives across six countries, this volume explores critical moments in the development of economic warfare, naval technology, and international law, including the Anglo-Dutch Wars, the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, the First World War, and the Second World War. Distinct chapters also analyse the role of economic warfare in theories of maritime strategy, and what the future holds for the changing role of navies in the floating global economy of the twenty-first century.
